On the other hand, anxious - ambivalent participants were found to be more likely to perceive early parental support as inconsistent, while
avoidant participants were more likely to report being separated from their mother during childhood and to be distrustful of others [15][16].
Fearful -
avoidant participants were less likely to be in a romantic relationship, and those that were tended to report experiencing dissatisfaction in their relationships.
More in detail, across the three conditions, anxious participants showed more negative emotional behaviors and responses, looking for more physical proximity and support seeking than
avoidant participants that, they acted by using more deactivating strategies.
In other words, when
avoidant participants believed their partners were feeling especially negative (which they believed happened more often than the partner reported), they responded in a more hostile way.
Nickola Overall and colleagues have investigated how avoidant attachment affects how people identify and perceive negative emotions that their partners are experiencing.1 The researchers compared how accurately
avoidant participants, as compared to anxious or secure individuals, could identify anger, sadness, or hurt in their partners.
Not exact matches
The
participants completed self - report measures regarding perceived family conflict, conflict resolution,
avoidant behaviors, and psychological adjustment.
We explored the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of short - term group schema therapy in a sample of eight
participants with mixed personality disorders (with a predominant diagnosis of
avoidant personality disorder) and high levels of co-morbidity.
Participants will learn about: the concept of Schema Mode Model, establishing connection, limited reparenting, getting through
avoidant modes, imagery rescripting in relation to reparenting, trauma, flashbacks and dissociation.
In order to control for confounds on the association of nation attachment with acculturation, we ran a multi-level model with residence status (included as a moderator and coded such that migrants were allocated a value of 1, and
participants living in their country of birth a value of − 1), neuroticism, general
avoidant and anxious attachment as predictors in the first block.
Control group
participants selected secure adventure options significantly more often than either anxious or
avoidant choices, F (2, 32) = 180.17, p <.001, η2p =.90, suggesting the relatively well - adjusted nature of this specific study sample.
More specifically, those who were currently in a relationship were less anxious and
avoidant than
participants who were not currently dating, even if they had been in a relationship in the past at both time points (p <.02), but again not in terms of change in attachment (p >.90).
In contrast,
participants with an
avoidant - fearful attachment style used more negative adjectives to describe their parents.
Scheffe post hoc tests suggest that secure
participants (M = 22.05) tend to be the most satisfied in their relationships whereas
avoidant - fearful
participants are the least satisfied (M = 16.73)(see Table 8 for a summary of all the two - way Anovas conducted).
The results suggest that those who are securely attached in their romantic relationships are more satisfied and perceive their parents in a more positive light when reflecting on childhood than insecurely attached
participants, especially those in the
avoidant - fearful category.
The Scheffe post hoc test indicated that
participants with an
avoidant - fearful attachment style used more negative adjectives to describe their mother (M = 3.61), compared to securely attached
participants (M = 1.67).
Analysing the responses to the ECR - R scale revealed that 30.4 percent of
participants had a secure attachment style, 16.3 percent of
participants had an
avoidant - dismissing attachment style, 35.2 percent had an
avoidant - fearful attachment style, and 18.1 percent had an anxious - preoccupied attachment style (see Figure 2).
The majority of secure
participants (94.2 %) were involved in a romantic relationship at the time of the study whereas over half of
avoidant - fearful
participants (57.5 %) were not involved in a romantic relationship (see Table 7).
In the present study, however, more
avoidant - dismissing
participants than expected were involved in a romantic relationship.
Specifically,
participants with low
avoidant attachment reported fewer subsequent intrusive memories when an attachment prime was presented relative to a non-attachment prime (p <.05).
Numerous researchers have noted a range of attachment styles beyond the dichotomony of
avoidant / attachment dimensions [40]; for example, a larger sample would have allowed more nuanced examination of
participants with different permutations of attachment style (e.g. high anxious and high
avoidant tendencies).
Participants with low
avoidant attachment tendencies who received the attachment primes recalled fewer memories and reported fewer intrusions than those who received the non-attachment primes.
Participants in the two conditions did not differ in terms of age (Attachment: M = 18.53, SD = 1.02; Non-Attachment: M = 19.09, SD = 2.43), ECR Anxious Attachment (Attachment: M = 65.41, SD = 18.16; Non-Attachment: M = 67.00, SD = 17.49), ECR
Avoidant Attachment (Attachment: M = 46.81, SD = 15.62; Non-Attachment: M = 46.44, SD = 14.48), DASS Depression (Attachment: M = 3.00, SD = 2.43; Non-Attachment: M = 2.63, SD = 2.43) or DASS Anxiety (Attachment: M = 2.65, SD = 2.58; Non-Attachment: M = 3.00, SD = 2.73) scores.
That is, fewer intrusive memories occurred after being primed with an attachment prime but only for
participants with low
avoidant attachment tendencies.