Sentences with word «axonal»

In my laboratory, we hypothesize that age - dependent neuronal death occurs partly in response to the decline with age, of the process of axonal transport of those critical proteins that are needed for neuronal survival.

(2008) Trpv1 contributes to pressure - induced death and disruption of axonal transport in RGCs (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49: ARVO E-Abstract 5481).

«It moves inside the skull, it tears fibres, it results in severe forms of diffuse axonal injury, it causes contusions or bleeding in the brain or causes the lethal subdural hematoma from tearing of veins,» he explained.

«The idea that caspases are even involved in axonal degeneration during development is very recent» said Dr. Philip Barker, a principal investigator at The Neuro and senior author of the study.

Glial changes in the optic nerve correlate with axonal degeneration in a mouse glaucoma model.

Strong concussions, for example, often cause diffuse axonal injury, a seemingly random pattern of spots throughout the brain where neural wiring has been torn.

«One of the most striking results is the extent and alignment of axonal growth,» says John Priestley at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry in London.

These cells have dozens, often hundreds, of branching axonal projections — output channels from the cell body of the neuron — that lend the full structure of a chandelier - like appearance.

Tau helps provide structure to brain cells, is a marker for axonal damage — and is also what McKee finds spotted throughout the brains she examines in her Boston U. lab.

Surreptitiously, a novel neuroprotective strategy for axonal injury, such as traumatic brain injury, has emerged from these studies, which is currently under development.

Marsh - Armstrong, N., Oglesby, E., Buckingham, B., Horner, PJ., Soto, I. (2007) Molecular Changes in DBA / 2J Retinal Ganglion Cells Coinciding With Axonal Transport Dysfunction (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48: ARVO E-Abstract 5553).

One of Dr. Charron's objectives is to identify and characterize the components of the Shh signalling pathway in axonal guidance.

«We might be able to deliver CASK back into cells to prevent axonal loss, or maybe rescue what was already lost.»

Guy McKhann of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, began research on what was to become known as AMAN (acute motor axonal neuropathy)-- a type of GBS — in 1990 while on a visit to Beijing pediatric hospitals.

The large majority of what are commonly called nerves (which are actually axonal processes of nerve cells) are considered to be PNS.

The proband, a 41 - year - old woman, and her daughter present a severe axonal form of Charcot - Marie - Tooth (CMT) disease.

The DTI images — taken at an average of 20 days after birth — were used to associate maternal iron intake during pregnancy to differences in cortical gray matter and, to a lesser extent, in major axonal pathways within the underlying white matter of the brain.

«It would have an even more pronounced effect on axonal growth and guidance,» she says.

«We want to understand axonal degeneration at the same level that we understand programmed cell death, in the hopes of developing drugs to block the process when it becomes overactive,» DiAntonio says.

In vitro, Pkn1 — / — Cgcs exhibited deregulated axonal outgrowth, elevated AKT phosphorylation, and higher levels of neuronal differentiation - 2 (NeuroD2), a transcription factor preventing presynaptic maturation.

There is also more diffuse abnormal signal noted in the corpus callosum and periventricular brain indicating diffuse axonal shear injury.

His research will attempt to identify novel ligands to utilize for axonal regeneration as well as identifying their molecular mechanisms.

Expansion of neurofilament medium C terminus increases axonal diameter independent of increases in conduction velocity or myelin thickness.

But up until now, scientists were unaware of its role in axonal demise and ALS.

They also found excessive axonal varicosities that have been considered morphologically synaptic structures.

«When an embryo is building its nervous system, there can be inappropriate or excessive axonal sprouts, or axons that are only needed at one time in development and not later,» DiAntonio says.

All of the Guillain - Barre syndrome patients likely had a type of the disorder called acute motor axonal neuropathy, the study authors said.

Severe sudden twisting or torquing of the brain, as occurs in a sudden acceleration / deceleration - whiplash — accident, can stretch, twist, and damage these delicate axonal fibers.

In our laboratory we are testing this hypothesis also using C. elegans where we and others have built models of these neurodegenerative diseases and where we will image transport of normal axonal proteins to determine if traffic jams are also found inside these neurons.

Specifically, the aims of recent projects were to determine whether axonal cytoskeletal disruption, transport abnormalities, and electrophysiological dysfunction occur prior to RGC death in experimental glaucoma (rodent and non-human primate models) and whether some of these phenomena are detectable by clinically - applicable means.

... There is severe axonal shear injury with grade I, grade II and grade III lesions noted.

Containing an inhibitory form of CNS glial cells, the scarred area is a dead zone for axonal signals, preventing the signals from passing through to other parts of the CNS.

This interrupts the transport of cellular materials along axonal microtubules, causing these materials to accumulate at several points along the axon where they may give rise to varicosities.

Dr. Barker and his colleagues show that the activity of certain «executioner» caspases (caspase - 3 and caspase - 9) induce axonal degeneration and that their action is suppressed by a protein termed XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis).

Even small defects in the genes that assemble tubulin are associated with serious developmental disorders, such as Kenny - Caffey syndrome and Giant Axonal Neuropathy.

«Treating axonal degeneration could potentially help a lot of patients because there are so many diseases and conditions where axons are inappropriately lost,» says Aaron DiAntonio, MD, PhD, professor of developmental biology.

Brimonidine prevents axonal and somatic degeneration of retinal ganglion cell neurons.

They found biomarkers indicating the presence of mature neurons and extensive axonal growth across long distances in the rats» spinal cords, even extending into the brain.

When it is experimentally prevented (either by severing the projecting axons, by treating them with the drug vinblastine, which blocks axonal transport, or by administering 6 - hydroxydopamine, which destroys the nerve endings), the innervating sympathetic neurons in the ganglion die off.

In conclusion, our findings suggest that microstimulation, with its anatomical precision, physiologic - level currents, and action via axonal projections, holds promise for modification of memory circuits and thus for the treatment of memory impairments in people suffering from neurological disorders.

An evaluation of «IL4I1 augments CNS remyelination and axonal protection by modulating T - cell driven inflammation», recently published in Brain.

Whether this new variant of SMN1 affects axonal growth in vivo and plays a causal role in SMA remains to be investigated.