Sentences with phrase «axons from»

Oxidative stress can also lead to loss of neurons or neuronal axons from the colon and consequently a loss of motility.

A separate analysis showed a similar drop in netrin - 1 in affected neurons in rats whose axons from the brain to the spinal cord had been cut.

Throughout the teen years, fatty tissue starts to insulate the axons from interfering signals — it is a bit like the plastic that coats electrical cables.

Following a spinal cord injury, oligodendrocytes break down and die, preventing axons from receiving the myelin they need to send signals.

The cells in green have electric charges on their membranes that keep the axons from growing.

Levin's team suspected those charges slowed or stopped the growth of axons from the newly transplanted eye.

«This is not the first gene identified whose loss protects mammalian axons from degeneration,» DiAntonio said.

Each glomerulus — «a ball of axons and dendrites,» according to Albeanu — is a junction where axons from sensory neurons meet up with and connect, or synapse, with dendrites sent from the next processing layer in the bulb, populated by mitral cells.

Three days after injury, these axons are protected from degeneration because they are missing Phr1, a gene involved in removing damaged axons from the body.

«This is not the first gene identified whose loss protects mammalian axons from degeneration,» DiAntonio says.

When they tracked the cells» axons from the eye into the brain, they saw that many of them terminated in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the first relay station in the brain for visual information.

But DTI imaging had a major glitch: When axons from different tracts intersected and crossed en route to their target, the DTI software got confused and couldn't determine each tract's direction with complete accuracy.

They trip each other up, which prevents the axons from fully extending through the brain and delivering the usual doses of serotonin, says Tom Maniatis, a study coauthor and molecular neuroscientist at Columbia University.

Not exact matches

A breakthrough could also come from programs under way at less mature biotech companies, including Axovant Sciences (NASDAQ: AXON) and the much riskier Anavex Life Sciences (NASDAQ: AVXL).

Instead, the researchers found that dendritic, but not axonal, varicosities could be induced by prolonged treatment with glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released from damaged axons.

Researchers from The Ohio State University have announced they have discovered how blows to the head cause numerous small swellings along the length of neuronal axons.

Giza speculates that youth may be at greater risk for more severe damage from concussion because developing brains lack myelin, the covering that protects axons.

Though appearing more like a cluster of colorful balloons, this 30x image from Nagoya University shows individually - labeled axons in an embryonic chick ciliary ganglion, part of the eye's nerve structure.

The combination prompted the regrowth of axons — the «telephone wires» that help neurons communicate — projecting from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

In 2011 researchers found that these waves of electricity cause neurons in the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cells.

They make myelin, the fatty coating around axons — long, threadlike fibers that relay neural impulses from one cell to the next, activating the circuitry that endows us with the physical and emotional capacity to fully embrace the world.

Unexpectedly, the team discovered a thick band of microtubules, a component of the cell's cytoskeleton, that extended from the axon of the neuron into the synaptic terminal and then looped around the interior periphery of the terminal.

However, this damages the axons — the arms that protrude from neurons to make connections with other cells — making it difficult to see exactly how brain cells link up.

Axons can be very long and relatively remote from the central portion of the cell, which houses the nucleus where DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA that can then be converted into proteins.

One clear characteristic of MS is scarring of myelin, the protective substance surrounding the axons that extend from nerve cells.

In Modha's golden core, each processor counts up the signals it receives from incoming axons by way of the dendrites.

Other vital structures, the axons and dendrites — known collectively as neurites — that project from the nerve cells and send and receive messages are dependent on this neural transport network.

The other cells that die are axons, the long fibers extending from the neurons that carry signals from neuron to neuron.

Serotonin released from the tips of the axons signal other neurons in these target areas to influence mood and other aspects of behavior.

The signals leap from the axons across a synapse, or gap, to the dendrites of the next nerve cell in the neural net.

But for mice in which the whole gene cluster was deleted, serotonin axons don't keep their distance from each other.

In experiments on transgenic mice, teams at Harvard Medical School and Columbia University found that tau jumps from cell to cell in a predictable way along neural highways known as axons.

Those axons branch out from the ventral nerve cord, which runs the length of the bee's abdomen — further evidence, they say, that the magnetic properties of those cells influence the nervous system.

Even after our brains have developed, some neurons continue to wire themselves: Nerves heal from small injuries, and axons make new connections as we develop new skills.

Their axons can go great distances, the longest ones extending all the way from the toes to the base of the spine.

Axons sprout from neurons and then migrate to specific parts of the developing brain where they interact with other neurons to form neural networks.

Apparently, DSCAM1 enabled neurons to distinguish their own axon branches from those of other neurons.

For instance, axons lose their way from the mouse's nose to the brain.

The researchers found severed axons in regions with inflammation characteristic of the disease — in several cases, more than 10,000 times as many cut axons as in brain tissue from non-MS corpses.

The faulty nerve signaling that underlies the disease is thought to stem from the body's own immune system attacking and degrading the axons» myelin sheaths.

Examining spinal cord cells under a microscope, the scientists noticed that the axons of mice missing the OPTN gene were swollen, inflamed and far fewer in number, compared with spinal cord cells obtained from mice with the OPTN gene.

They also discussed creating a map of roughly half of the human brain's 100,000 km of axons, the threadlike extensions that project from neurons, as the NBO's first big project.

Specifically, the research sheds light on the role of RPM - 1 in the development of axons or nerve fibers — the elongated projections of nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses away from the neuron via synapses.

These «wires» are projected from cells involved in receiving incoming odor signals from neurons in the nose, and local cells in the bulb that modulate them — including short axon (SA) cells (brightly illuminated in this view) and external tufted (ET) cells.

My fingers itch to dig up your deep - rooted dopamine My taste buds drown themselves in craving Your savory acetylcholine I long to climb up your axon And shake ripe neurotransmitters From the delicate tips of your dendritic branches

A healthy optic nerve has axons transmitting information from the eye to the brain along the nerve after considerable information processing and synaptic transmission between various cell types within the retina.

Some axons are quite long; in the sciatic nerve, axons run from the base of the spine to the big toe.

Two - photon microscopy image of a layer of the mouse olfactory bulb (viewed head - on from the front) containing relay stations call glomeruli — places where bundles of axons and dendrites meet.

The HMS study reveals that the aberrant behavior of an enzyme called RIPK1 damages neuronal axons by disrupting the production of myelin, the soft gel - like substance enveloping axons to insulate them from injury.

As part of the new study, the researchers showed that intact axons without Phr1 were protected from the damage caused by vincristine, a chemotherapy drug used to treat leukemia, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, among other cancers.