Sentences with phrase «axons in»

The researchers also reported that eliminating one of those genes, Rab27, led to regeneration of axons in the optic nerve or spinal cord of mice.

The Yale team found more than 580 different genes that may play a role in regeneration of axons in nerve cells, something that rarely occurs in adult mammals but is of vital interest to scientists hoping to repair injuries to the central nervous system.

(2007) Shrinkage and Loss of RGC Axons in a New Latex Bead Rat Model of High - Pressure Glaucoma (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48: ARVO E-Abstract 2878).

Searching the entire genome, a Yale research team has identified a gene that when eliminated can spur regeneration of axons in nerve cells severed by spinal cord injury.

(2007) Pressure - induced Retraction of RGC Axons in an ex vivo Preparation of Rat Retina (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48: ARVO E-Abstract 4356).

Vision loss from glaucoma occurs when axons in the optic nerve become damaged and can no longer carry visual information to the brain.

This is supported by post-mortem studies showing a modest loss of mDA axons in the striatum 1 year after PD diagnosis, with a complete loss of mDA striatal innervation in patients 4 years after diagnosis, while some mDA neuronal soma remained [6].

Total neuron and length densities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and serotonin transporter (SERT)- immunoreactive axons in the frontal cortex (areas 4, 9, and 32) of humans, chimpanzees, and moor macaques.

We will leverage state - of - the - art bioinformatic and biological approaches for investigating how these factors interact in combination to regulate axon growth during RGC development and test the potential of such factors for regenerating RGC axons in a rodent model of optic nerve injury.

To test this hypothesis, we follow the movement of proteins inside axons in real time, using advanced microscopy techniques that allow us to determine in detail whether this movement is impaired as an axon ages.

She disproved the theory that neurons are assigned a certain identity in the embryo, discovered that neurons don't all myelinate their axons in the same way, and is now a pioneer in creating brain organoids to study basic aspects of development.

Several technologies allow scientists to generate and study single axons in the lab, but none are effective at creating nerve fascicles.

Damaged axons in the brain and spinal cord of mammals don't regenerate, and spinal cord injuries can therefore lead to permanent paralysis.

There are two categories of CMT: those caused by the loss of axons in the peripheral nerves (CMT2) and those characterized by a malfunction in the Schwann cells that make up the myelin sheath, the protective coating that surrounds the nerve fibers and allows them to conduct nerve signals at high speeds (CMT1).

Researchers used genetically modified mice in which the axons in the corticospinal tract, a bundle of nerves carrying signals from the brain to the spinal cord, were «stained» with fluorescent matter visible under a powerful microscope.

Unlike peripheral nerves, which re-sprout axons when they are damaged, mature spinal neurons do not regrow axons in the part of the body where the injury has occurred — such as when the spinal cord is cut or crushed — which results in paralysis below the injury.

In these mice, 90 per cent of the axons in the SC had extended into the wrong areas.

In some neurodegenerative diseases, the myelin sheaths of axons in the peripheral nervous system degrade, meaning they can no longer relay signals and commands efficiently.

These use large quantities of various fat molecules (lipids) in a short time, mostly in the first years after birth, to encase axons in myelin.

Iwashita believes the axons in the central nervous system need positional «cues» if they are to regrow properly — hence the need to position the grafted segment accurately.

In contrast, broken axons in nerve cells send PSR - 1 molecules an SOS alert.

The researchers found severed axons in regions with inflammation characteristic of the disease — in several cases, more than 10,000 times as many cut axons as in brain tissue from non-MS corpses.

Axons in particular can travel spectacular distances to reach astonishingly precise targets.

This process, called tiling, evenly spaces the axons in their target areas within the brain.

«If we can find ways to block or inhibit CD11b early on, we should be able reduce or limit the amount of abnormal leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, and the resulting demyelination and loss of axons in AIDP,» he said.

In addition, the team explored the developmental impact of reduced stimulation on the axons in the trapezoid body.

Though appearing more like a cluster of colorful balloons, this 30x image from Nagoya University shows individually - labeled axons in an embryonic chick ciliary ganglion, part of the eye's nerve structure.

So, for example, the signal that tells the axon to turn — which should disappear after the turn is made — remains active, interfering with new signals meant to guide the axon in other directions.

Synaptic transmission Electricity signals the release of neurotransmitters, which exit the axon in packets of about 5,000 molecules (lower right).

Ex vivo cortical electroporation (E15 mouse embryos) coupled with organotypic culture for 5 days results in radial migration of EGFP + pyramidal neurons to the cortical plate (CP) and the projection of their axon in the intermediate zone (IZ).

It is believed that this fatty acid is so invaluable to the brain because it contributes greatly to the formation and protection of the myelin sheath, a layer of fat that coats every axon in the brain, helping to ensure the efficient transmission of messages sent between brain cells.

Not exact matches

The center of the cord is gray matter — essentially an extension of the brain, like a tail — that is sheathed in fibrous white matter, with long, thin nerve fibers called axons shooting out at intervals to wire every part of the body.

The researchers found that puffing activated a mechanosensitive channel protein called TRPV4, which is enriched in the membrane of neuronal axons and allows calcium ions to enter the cell.

Similar swellings are seen in the degenerating axons of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients.

Throughout childhood Myelin continues to be build around the axons and dendrites in your child's brain to improve the transmission of nerve signals.

Axons can measure several hundred times the diameter of the cell body, and, in addition to rapid transmission of electric impulses, they also transport molecular materials over these distances.

The study, published in Nature Neuroscience in August, builds on recent research where neuroscientists got RGC axons to regrow only slightly.

The researchers set up a system to grow asymmetric nerve cells in an observation chamber and use live cell imaging to track how rabies virus particles are transported along the axons.

«But there is quite a substantial decrease in white matter, which is primarily composed of cells that function in axon insulation.

However, when the researchers grew nerve cells that had no p75NTR in their observation chamber, they found that virus transport along the axon is less frequent and much slower.

Moreover, both the diameter of the axons and the thickness of their myelin sheaths progressively increased until they reached the values observed in the auditory system of the adult animal.

In 2011 researchers found that these waves of electricity cause neurons in the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cellIn 2011 researchers found that these waves of electricity cause neurons in the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cellin the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cells.

«Rather than merely brain mapping, we can start to address more biologically specific questions like, «How do individual differences in axon diameter correlate with differences in impulsivity?

Because its powerful technology can measure microstructural features in the brain, such as the diameter of nerve cell axons, it enables researchers to answer entirely new questions, says CUBRIC director Derek Jones.

In mammals, the functional demands made on the auditory system require extremely precise and rapid neural processing of acoustic information, and it contains a strikingly high proportion of myelinated axons.

When the same experiment was carried out on adult mice, a decrease in the thickness of the myelin sheaths was also seen, although the diameter of the axons was not affected.

Importantly, genetic modifications blocking alternative splicing of Cdc42 in mice result in incorrectly formed axons and dendrites and, ultimately, structural and behavioural abnormalities.

Those who «recalled» more lures were assumed to be more prone to false memories, and were found to have higher - quality neural connections, called axons, in the superior longitudinal fascicle, known to be associated with gist - based memory (Journal of Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1523 / jneurosci.5270 - 08.2009).

Localizing Tritiated Norepinephrine in Sympathetic Axons by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

In a specific example of this scenario, co-occurrence of two alternative variants of the cell polarity factor Cdc42 in the same neuron was essential for proper development of a single axon and several functional dendriteIn a specific example of this scenario, co-occurrence of two alternative variants of the cell polarity factor Cdc42 in the same neuron was essential for proper development of a single axon and several functional dendritein the same neuron was essential for proper development of a single axon and several functional dendrites.