Sentences with phrase «axons with»

Koyuncu discovered this when she infected isolated axons with a small number of virus particles, which would normally travel to the cell bodies and be silenced, while simultaneously exposing the cell bodies to a large number of inactivated virus particles that have been dosed with ultraviolet radiation (UV).

When pathologists perform autopsies on people with diffuse axonal injury, they see severed axons with swollen tips, just like what Smith sees in his experiments.

If he hit his axons with gentle puffs of air, they didn't swell and break.

Not exact matches

The center of the cord is gray matter — essentially an extension of the brain, like a tail — that is sheathed in fibrous white matter, with long, thin nerve fibers called axons shooting out at intervals to wire every part of the body.

Instead, the researchers found that dendritic, but not axonal, varicosities could be induced by prolonged treatment with glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released from damaged axons.

In 2011 researchers found that these waves of electricity cause neurons in the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cells.

«Rather than merely brain mapping, we can start to address more biologically specific questions like, «How do individual differences in axon diameter correlate with differences in impulsivity?

Those who «recalled» more lures were assumed to be more prone to false memories, and were found to have higher - quality neural connections, called axons, in the superior longitudinal fascicle, known to be associated with gist - based memory (Journal of Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1523 / jneurosci.5270 - 08.2009).

Although restricted within boutons, the vesicle movement was substantially faster in nonbouton areas, consistent with the observation that a sizable vesicle pool continuously transits through the axons.

Fluorescently labeled synaptic vesicles inside the axons of cultured neurons were recorded with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy in a 2.5 - micrometer by 1.8 - micrometer field of view.

This allows the autoimmune leukocytes to adhere to the blood vessel walls within the inner parts of the nerve, ultimately migrating with direct access to the axons where demyelination can occur.»

They make myelin, the fatty coating around axons — long, threadlike fibers that relay neural impulses from one cell to the next, activating the circuitry that endows us with the physical and emotional capacity to fully embrace the world.

However, this damages the axons — the arms that protrude from neurons to make connections with other cells — making it difficult to see exactly how brain cells link up.

Given a particular brain, with its neurons and axons, dendrites and synapses, one can, in principle, accurately compute the extent to which this brain is integrated.

A team at Emory University is embedding electrodes in glass cones filled with nerve - growth factors that encourage brain cells to sprout more dendrites and axons.

But researchers think something within the protein repulses other proteins with the same ID card, keeping the axons far enough apart that they don't tangle.

One mature oligodendrocyte can coat about 50 axon segments with myelin.

The bottom - right image depicts the outlines of neurons only, with glial cells removed; the bottom — left cube visualizes all the axons, the parts of neurons that transmit signals.

So, for example, the signal that tells the axon to turn — which should disappear after the turn is made — remains active, interfering with new signals meant to guide the axon in other directions.

The new study by the Inagaki lab showed that neurons will produce four times more traction force when placed on adhesive substrates coated with laminin than those without laminin, assuring the axons reach their final destination.

Axons sprout from neurons and then migrate to specific parts of the developing brain where they interact with other neurons to form neural networks.

Without a viable partner the axon would die; the guide cells form temporary synapses with the axons until the intended target is found.

In a new study, NAIST scientists, in collaboration with researchers at the Osaka National Hospital and University of Tokyo, report that the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1 - CAM) is crucial for directed axon migration.

But DTI imaging had a major glitch: When axons from different tracts intersected and crossed en route to their target, the DTI software got confused and couldn't determine each tract's direction with complete accuracy.

The researchers found severed axons in regions with inflammation characteristic of the disease — in several cases, more than 10,000 times as many cut axons as in brain tissue from non-MS corpses.

In the final experiment, the researchers followed the PBelCGRP neurons» long - reaching branches (called axons) to the cells they connect with in other regions of the brain.

Examining spinal cord cells under a microscope, the scientists noticed that the axons of mice missing the OPTN gene were swollen, inflamed and far fewer in number, compared with spinal cord cells obtained from mice with the OPTN gene.

In mice without Phr1, they found that about 75 percent of the severed axons remained at five days, with a quarter persisting at least 10 days after being cut.

A paper in the journal Neural Development shows that RPM - 1 is localized at both the synapse and the mature axon tip, evidence that RPM - 1 is positioned to potentially coordinate the construction of synapses with regulation of axon extension and termination.

In these tadpoles, the eyes» axons almost universally connected with either the spinal cord or the gut.

The findings raise the possibility that blocking the Phr1 protein with a drug could keep damaged axons alive and functional when the body would normally cause the axons to self - destruct.

Each glomerulus — «a ball of axons and dendrites,» according to Albeanu — is a junction where axons from sensory neurons meet up with and connect, or synapse, with dendrites sent from the next processing layer in the bulb, populated by mitral cells.

The method demonstrates that injured axons can be preserved for at least 10 times longer when their communication with neighbors is blocked.

During development, axons must follow specific paths in the nervous system in order to properly form neural circuits and allow neurons to communicate with one another.

In collaboration with the Program in Neuroengineering at McGill University, Dr. Charron's team developed an innovative technique to recreate the concentration gradients of guidance cues in vitro, that is to say they can study the developing axons outside their biological context.

In those instances, we revealed that a combination of guidance cues can behave in synergy with one another to help the axon interpret the gradient's direction.»

The axons traversed wound tissues to penetrate and connect with existing rat neurons.

The serums of some patients with subacute spongiform encephalopathies contain an autoantibody in higher titer against a normal fibrillar protein within the axon of mature central neurons in culture.

The ISP drug did not cause spinal cord axons known to control movements to cross the scar and reconnect with brain neurons above the injury site.

When the axons reaching across the divide were cut with a knife, the interconnectivity between the cortical neurons inside their own compartment was relatively unaffected, whereas the striatal neurons showed no electrophysiological activity.

After spinal cord injury, axons try to cross the injury site and reconnect with other cells but are stymied by scarring that forms after the injury.

They observed that those reactive astrocytes formed quickly after axons were severed, but that neutralizing TNF - alpha, IL -1-alpha and C1q with antibodies to these three substances prevented A1 formation and RGC death in the animals.

To connect with other neurons into circuits, neurons grow long branch - like structures called axons and dendrites.

Neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain communicate with each other by transmitting electric signals, or firing action potentials, through long processes named axons (which send out signals) and dendrites (which receive signals).

Treatment with ISP freed axon growth.

On a hunch, Bradley Lang, Ph.D., the lead author of the study and a graduate student in Dr. Silver's lab, came up with the idea of designing a drug that would help axons regenerate without having to touch the healing spinal cord, as current treatments may require.

Several forms of leukodystrophies, genetic degenerative disorders that affect the myelin, are associated with vacuolization of myelin sheaths that enwrap axons of central neurons.

Once the axons have matured, Smith and his colleagues shoot the metal plates with carefully controlled puffs of air.

Cognitive tests like the ones at this year's N.F.L. combine can pinpoint the mental troubles that come with dysfunctional or dying axons.

Researchers used genetically modified mice in which the axons in the corticospinal tract, a bundle of nerves carrying signals from the brain to the spinal cord, were «stained» with fluorescent matter visible under a powerful microscope.