Not exact matches
Spoon the ice cream into the dish in an even
layer and smooth up the
surface with the
back of a spoon.
«That
back layer is very critical to get thinner wafers [of silicon] and better
back surface reflectivity and, thus, lower cost and higher efficiency.»
The instrument sends down radar waves, which reflect off of the ice
surface,
layers inside the ice sheet and bedrock
back to the instrument, giving researchers a three - dimensional view.
Europa's gravity may pull material from the plumes
back to the
surface, creating a
layer of frost.
When greenhouse gases increase, more longwave radiation is directed
back at the ocean
surface, which warms the cool - skin
layer, lowers the thermal gradient, and consequently reduces the rate of heat loss.
Quantitative measurements on the inner retina reveal that despite being scattering in the far - field, retinal tissue possesses a high ability to transfer an image from its inner
surface to the
back of the outer nuclear
layer.
When an icy impact occurred, the impactor's kinetic energy became heat energy, instantly melted some ice, gouged out a crater, and kicked up into Mars» thin atmosphere large amounts of debris mixed with water (liquid, ice crystals, and vapor)-- and complex organic molecules that obviously came recently from life.127 Then, the dirt and salt - water mixture settled
back to the
surface in vast
layers of thin sheets — strata — especially around the crater.
Also see Steel Braided Hoses Brake Lining Material: A composite of matrix binder, metallic or ceramic particles and friction material that also coats the disc
surface Brake Pads: The pad consists of a steel
backing that fits into the locking mechanism of the calipers and a
layer of about 10 mm of friction brake lining Brake pistons: Is a hydraulic actuated piston that transfers the hydraulic pressure from the master brake pump to cause the brake pad to bind with the disc.
Speaking of slippage, the third
layer on the
back not only offers a firm non-slip grip but also prevents it from sliding on smooth
surfaces.
Remove all used papers, clean the
surface and cover it
back with a few
layers of fresh paper.
If you've ever wondered what might happen if you could peel
back a
layer of a ceramic plate or mug, then artist Beccy Ridsdel is a ceramicist who loves to explore what lies beneath the
surface of traditional floral dinnerware.
To edit, and go
back, and
layer, creates a dense
surface that speaks of the compulsion to review one's actions
The artist then builds the
surface through paint and subsequent
layers of collage, which are peeled
back to reveal earlier incarnations of the work.
With formal properties that bear occasional
surface resemblance to Constructivism and modernist mark - making, these artists peel
back the
layers of art history and derail our associative connections to the past.
Between 1973 and 1974, he moved from sprayed to poured and squeegeed
surfaces, working the paint
back and forth, up and down,
layer upon
layer, always in search of the perfect non-color, it seemed.
While Chung Sang - hwa created
layered grids of cracked and chipped paint, Ha Chong - hyun pushed viscous paint through the
back of hemp, smearing and scraping the residue across the
surface.
The Mpane exhibition features an elegantly carved, life - sized sculpture; boards transformed into portraits of Congolese youth by meticulously subtracting
surface layers; and a large - scale work composed of wood strips, held together by a mesh
backing, painted and then broken into pieces resembling tile squares.
Bradford used a planer to file through the
surface and reveal
layers of color from the 29 previous projects painted onto that wall, remembering literally the history of imagery going
back to the first wall painting done by his friend Barry Magee, which is why the piece is titled Finding Barry.
Once
back in his studio, Bradford glues twine of various gauges to the
surfaces of the billboard papers, which he then arranges and
layers across his canvas.
He even rinsed off paint to get
back into the
surface, and the thinner, more translucent
layers are often revelatory.
Nick Veasey uses x-ray to strip
back the
layers and show what it is like under the
surface.
Hypothesis A — Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the
surface layer, which takes away the energy from the
back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.
Changes in land
surface properties as the wet season progresses impact
surface fluxes and boundary
layer evolution on daily and seasonal time scales that feed
back to cloud and rainfall generation.
The ocean
surface layer is what directly matters, that contains somewhat more CO2 than the atmosphere (1,000 GtC vs. 800 GtC), but the chemical reactions in the ocean water push the equilibrium
back, so that ultimately the
surface water - air equilibrium is reached with a 1:9 partitioning between water and air, reverse and far away from the 50:1.
First consider an atmosphere of just one of
layer, perfectly absorbing and emitting, half up and half
back to the
surface.
The thin
layer in contact with the ground there cools, and flows
back to the equator over the
surface.
On the Earth's
surface, ozone is a pollutant, but in the stratosphere it forms a protective
layer that reflects ultraviolet radiation
back out into space.
On an earlier thread I made a
back - of - envelope calculation that, for the deep ocean to «suck» all the heat down from the
surface, so that the sea
surface layer and troposphere were nowhere more than 3C, the mean temperature of the deep ocean would need to increase only 0.4 C. Maybe someone could check this.
Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the
surface layer, which takes away the energy from the
back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.
Namely, if the temperature of the air is increasing by 0.0163 K each year due to the increase of the CO2 content in the air (which corresponds to the addition of 0.062 W / m ^ 2 per year to the
back radiation) then the difference between the water temperature 5 cm down and the temperature of the
surface skin
layer will reduce by 0.002 K / (W / m ^ 2) * 0.062 W / m ^ 2 = 0.000124 K if the increase of CO2 content in air is continued at the present rate.
The results indicate the reduction of the temperature difference between the bulk temperature of water (5 cm below the
surface) and the temperature of the
surface skin
layer (which is approximately 1 mm thick), by approximately 0.002 K / (W / m ^ 2) as compared to the temperature difference without the additional increase of
back radiation.
In other words, * we can observe the increase of CO2 in atmosphere above the ocean, * CO2 absorbs some part of the outgoing radiation from the
surface of the ocean which increases somewhat the temperature of the air * The increasing of temperature causes the (slight) increase of the (already existing)
back radiation * This (now increased)
back radiation is absorbed by the
surface skin
layer of the ocean which means that the energy delivered by the
back radiation to the
surface skin
layer is now slightly higher * This additional energy will now be distributed over the channels that are participating in the heat transfer from the absorbing
surface skin
layer to both the air above the skin
layer and the bulk of the ocean.
I understand therefore their results so that with the 100 W / m ^ 2 greater
back radiation the upper ocean
layer «works» in one regime around some mean value of the
surface skin
layer while under the sunny day with less
back radiation the same
layer oscillates around another mean value of the
surface layer.
The CO2 molecules in some
layer above the
surface certainly re-emit all the energy that they receives from the
surface but they re-emit only half of this energy
back towards the
surface.
Only if all the
layers of the CO2 opaque atmosphere had the same temperature as the
surface would the
back radiation to the
surface in the CO2 bands be the same as the upwelling radiation from the
surface in those same bands.
The most basic difference between the two is that infrared radiation is re-emitted in all directions, upwards out to space and downwards
back towards lower
layers in the atmosphere and the earth's
surface (the greenhouse effect).
Without the cutesy
back radiation into a warmer
surface invention, it might be easier to explain the potential radiative impact of CO2 and with a better model of the atmospheric
layers, understand why it is not living up to its potential.
On the other hand, based on measurements (for example the Perry curves in this posting as well as others in his book), I am quite certain that a substantial portion of the LWIR energy emitted from the
Surface ultimately, after a number of absorption and re-emission transactions, does make its way
back down and that some of that downwelling LWIR is due to
layers above the initial, first - generation extinction level.
Heat transported deeper into the ocean would increase its long - term residency in the Earth's hydrosphere * and * decrease the temperature of the
surface layers of the ocean which would decrease the amount of energy available for radiated
back into space.
Somewhere, perhaps as much as a kilometer out, she rolled onto her
back and basked in the sun and the warm
surface layer of the lake like some contented otter.
Most notably, the HUAWEI P20 and HUAWEI P20 Pro come in all - new, exclusive, fashionable colors, Twilight and Pink Gold, achieved by applying several
layers of NCVM * optical coatings underneath the glass
back, so light hitting the
surface refracts and creates a vivid, yet gradual change of hue.
The build quality is undeniable on the Ascend P7 and binds together a brushed aluminium chassis, tough Gorilla Glass and a 7 -
layer surface treatment to the
back case that uses a spin - effect micro-pattern design to produce a unique look.Huawei has also...