Sentences with phrase «back the surface layers»

Not exact matches

Spoon the ice cream into the dish in an even layer and smooth up the surface with the back of a spoon.

«That back layer is very critical to get thinner wafers [of silicon] and better back surface reflectivity and, thus, lower cost and higher efficiency.»

The instrument sends down radar waves, which reflect off of the ice surface, layers inside the ice sheet and bedrock back to the instrument, giving researchers a three - dimensional view.

Europa's gravity may pull material from the plumes back to the surface, creating a layer of frost.

When greenhouse gases increase, more longwave radiation is directed back at the ocean surface, which warms the cool - skin layer, lowers the thermal gradient, and consequently reduces the rate of heat loss.

Quantitative measurements on the inner retina reveal that despite being scattering in the far - field, retinal tissue possesses a high ability to transfer an image from its inner surface to the back of the outer nuclear layer.

When an icy impact occurred, the impactor's kinetic energy became heat energy, instantly melted some ice, gouged out a crater, and kicked up into Mars» thin atmosphere large amounts of debris mixed with water (liquid, ice crystals, and vapor)-- and complex organic molecules that obviously came recently from life.127 Then, the dirt and salt - water mixture settled back to the surface in vast layers of thin sheets — strata — especially around the crater.

Also see Steel Braided Hoses Brake Lining Material: A composite of matrix binder, metallic or ceramic particles and friction material that also coats the disc surface Brake Pads: The pad consists of a steel backing that fits into the locking mechanism of the calipers and a layer of about 10 mm of friction brake lining Brake pistons: Is a hydraulic actuated piston that transfers the hydraulic pressure from the master brake pump to cause the brake pad to bind with the disc.

Speaking of slippage, the third layer on the back not only offers a firm non-slip grip but also prevents it from sliding on smooth surfaces.

Remove all used papers, clean the surface and cover it back with a few layers of fresh paper.

If you've ever wondered what might happen if you could peel back a layer of a ceramic plate or mug, then artist Beccy Ridsdel is a ceramicist who loves to explore what lies beneath the surface of traditional floral dinnerware.

To edit, and go back, and layer, creates a dense surface that speaks of the compulsion to review one's actions

The artist then builds the surface through paint and subsequent layers of collage, which are peeled back to reveal earlier incarnations of the work.

With formal properties that bear occasional surface resemblance to Constructivism and modernist mark - making, these artists peel back the layers of art history and derail our associative connections to the past.

Between 1973 and 1974, he moved from sprayed to poured and squeegeed surfaces, working the paint back and forth, up and down, layer upon layer, always in search of the perfect non-color, it seemed.

While Chung Sang - hwa created layered grids of cracked and chipped paint, Ha Chong - hyun pushed viscous paint through the back of hemp, smearing and scraping the residue across the surface.

The Mpane exhibition features an elegantly carved, life - sized sculpture; boards transformed into portraits of Congolese youth by meticulously subtracting surface layers; and a large - scale work composed of wood strips, held together by a mesh backing, painted and then broken into pieces resembling tile squares.

Bradford used a planer to file through the surface and reveal layers of color from the 29 previous projects painted onto that wall, remembering literally the history of imagery going back to the first wall painting done by his friend Barry Magee, which is why the piece is titled Finding Barry.

Once back in his studio, Bradford glues twine of various gauges to the surfaces of the billboard papers, which he then arranges and layers across his canvas.

He even rinsed off paint to get back into the surface, and the thinner, more translucent layers are often revelatory.

Nick Veasey uses x-ray to strip back the layers and show what it is like under the surface.

Hypothesis A — Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

Changes in land surface properties as the wet season progresses impact surface fluxes and boundary layer evolution on daily and seasonal time scales that feed back to cloud and rainfall generation.

The ocean surface layer is what directly matters, that contains somewhat more CO2 than the atmosphere (1,000 GtC vs. 800 GtC), but the chemical reactions in the ocean water push the equilibrium back, so that ultimately the surface water - air equilibrium is reached with a 1:9 partitioning between water and air, reverse and far away from the 50:1.

First consider an atmosphere of just one of layer, perfectly absorbing and emitting, half up and half back to the surface.

The thin layer in contact with the ground there cools, and flows back to the equator over the surface.

On the Earth's surface, ozone is a pollutant, but in the stratosphere it forms a protective layer that reflects ultraviolet radiation back out into space.

On an earlier thread I made a back - of - envelope calculation that, for the deep ocean to «suck» all the heat down from the surface, so that the sea surface layer and troposphere were nowhere more than 3C, the mean temperature of the deep ocean would need to increase only 0.4 C. Maybe someone could check this.

Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

Namely, if the temperature of the air is increasing by 0.0163 K each year due to the increase of the CO2 content in the air (which corresponds to the addition of 0.062 W / m ^ 2 per year to the back radiation) then the difference between the water temperature 5 cm down and the temperature of the surface skin layer will reduce by 0.002 K / (W / m ^ 2) * 0.062 W / m ^ 2 = 0.000124 K if the increase of CO2 content in air is continued at the present rate.

The results indicate the reduction of the temperature difference between the bulk temperature of water (5 cm below the surface) and the temperature of the surface skin layer (which is approximately 1 mm thick), by approximately 0.002 K / (W / m ^ 2) as compared to the temperature difference without the additional increase of back radiation.

In other words, * we can observe the increase of CO2 in atmosphere above the ocean, * CO2 absorbs some part of the outgoing radiation from the surface of the ocean which increases somewhat the temperature of the air * The increasing of temperature causes the (slight) increase of the (already existing) back radiation * This (now increased) back radiation is absorbed by the surface skin layer of the ocean which means that the energy delivered by the back radiation to the surface skin layer is now slightly higher * This additional energy will now be distributed over the channels that are participating in the heat transfer from the absorbing surface skin layer to both the air above the skin layer and the bulk of the ocean.

I understand therefore their results so that with the 100 W / m ^ 2 greater back radiation the upper ocean layer «works» in one regime around some mean value of the surface skin layer while under the sunny day with less back radiation the same layer oscillates around another mean value of the surface layer.

The CO2 molecules in some layer above the surface certainly re-emit all the energy that they receives from the surface but they re-emit only half of this energy back towards the surface.

Only if all the layers of the CO2 opaque atmosphere had the same temperature as the surface would the back radiation to the surface in the CO2 bands be the same as the upwelling radiation from the surface in those same bands.

The most basic difference between the two is that infrared radiation is re-emitted in all directions, upwards out to space and downwards back towards lower layers in the atmosphere and the earth's surface (the greenhouse effect).

Without the cutesy back radiation into a warmer surface invention, it might be easier to explain the potential radiative impact of CO2 and with a better model of the atmospheric layers, understand why it is not living up to its potential.

On the other hand, based on measurements (for example the Perry curves in this posting as well as others in his book), I am quite certain that a substantial portion of the LWIR energy emitted from the Surface ultimately, after a number of absorption and re-emission transactions, does make its way back down and that some of that downwelling LWIR is due to layers above the initial, first - generation extinction level.

Heat transported deeper into the ocean would increase its long - term residency in the Earth's hydrosphere * and * decrease the temperature of the surface layers of the ocean which would decrease the amount of energy available for radiated back into space.

Somewhere, perhaps as much as a kilometer out, she rolled onto her back and basked in the sun and the warm surface layer of the lake like some contented otter.

Most notably, the HUAWEI P20 and HUAWEI P20 Pro come in all - new, exclusive, fashionable colors, Twilight and Pink Gold, achieved by applying several layers of NCVM * optical coatings underneath the glass back, so light hitting the surface refracts and creates a vivid, yet gradual change of hue.

The build quality is undeniable on the Ascend P7 and binds together a brushed aluminium chassis, tough Gorilla Glass and a 7 - layer surface treatment to the back case that uses a spin - effect micro-pattern design to produce a unique look.Huawei has also...