Based on its extensive field programme, ECO2 recommends that overburden, seabed, and water column should be monitored with 3 - D seismic techniques, high - resolution bathymetry or
backscatter mapping of the seabed, hydro - acoustic imaging of gas accumulations and outlets, video and photo imaging, chemical detection of dissolved CO2 in ambient bottom waters.
Satellite instruments provide global
maps of surface UV irradiance by combining
backscattered radiance measurements with radiative transfer models.