Sentences with phrase «bacterial genes in»

You are what you eat: a gene transfer ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic nuclear genomes.

Although these studies have generated vast amounts of descriptive data, the functions of most bacterial genes in these collections remain poorly characterized or wholly unknown.

«They are getting small by coopting bacterial genes in the host, a level of complexity that we would not have predicted.»

Suspecting that the other four carried a new Ehrlichia species, the researchers sequenced the bacterial gene in their blood and compared it to a database containing the sequences of known infectious bacteria.

By analyzing variation in a specific bacterial gene in his samples — the greater the variability, the higher the variety of species — Fierer found that deserts contained up to twice as many bacterial species, roughly 10,000 per 10 square meters, as did acidic rain forest soils.

Not exact matches

This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and virus genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods.

«Recombinant DNA technology», «DNA cloning», «molecular cloning» or «gene cloning» all describe the process of transferring a DNA fragment from one organism to a self - replicating genetic element (a cloning vector) such as a bacterial plasmid, enabling the fragment to be propagated in an alien host.

In addition both constructs contain the constitutive Ubi promoter and nos T terminator, the bar gene conferring herbicide tolerance and may contain further sequences of bacterial origin including the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptI) selectable marker gene.

Ten sets of bacterial genes have similar, newly discovered defense roles, researchers report online January 25 in Science.

Together, our collective guts have just under 3.3 million bacterial genes, more than 150 times as many as reside in our own genomes.

Clark also tested his own blood, where he found traces of B. burgdorferi along with another distinct genospecies (a bacterial species separated by divergence of genes), Borrelia andersonii, usually found in rabbits.

The results show — for the first time, Briggs thinks — that the bacterial genomes change with depth: the micro-organisms at 554 metres carry more mutations in genes that code for energy - related processes like cell division and biosynthesis of amino acids than are seen in their shallower counterparts.

Because the prion - forming protein identified in the study normally functions as a regulator of gene activity, the researchers say their discovery raises the possibility that when it switches to a prion state, it could alter genetic expression and bacterial behavior.

The animals were five times as likely as regular mice to go into shock and die when exposed to bacterial cells, the group reports in the November 15 issue of Genes and Development.

Rho, found in many bacteria, acts as a protein regulator of bacterial gene expression, determining which genes get turned on or off.

In 2010, the environment ministry put on hold the commercial planting of GM brinjal, an eggplant variety, equipped with a bacterial gene that thwarts insect pests.

Using high - throughput DNA sequencing, the researchers located mutations in bacterial genes that resisted the toxicity of growth inhibitors produced by bacterial viruses.

This information may help to predict which other bacterial species might participate in this form of gene transfer, and to identify just how widespread the phenomenon is.

In this way, the team identified a new small protein, growth inhibitor gene product (Gp) 0.6, which specifically targets and inhibits the activity of a protein essential to bacterial cells.

Bacteria expressing enzyme in one cell (bright green), while genetically identical cells do not, remaining protected from antibiotic onslaught; image courtesy of Yuichi Wakamoto / Neeraj Dhar / John McKinney Some strains of nasty bacterial infections, such as MRSA (methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus), come loaded with resistance to antibiotics built right into their genes.

To supply lactase over the long haul, Matthew During and his colleagues at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia devised a strategy for incorporating the bacterial lactase gene into intestinal cells.

B: Well, we were in the midst of experiments aiming to use an animal virus to introduce new genes into human cells and into bacterial cells.

The new gene - expression test for bacterial infection faces two hurdles before it can be made available to doctors in a few years.

In this study that used deep DNA sequencing of bacterial specific genes, the guts of both males and females exposed to lead had all of the similar complexity in microbiota as those not exposeIn this study that used deep DNA sequencing of bacterial specific genes, the guts of both males and females exposed to lead had all of the similar complexity in microbiota as those not exposein microbiota as those not exposed.

A gene associated with both protection against bacterial infection and excessive blood clotting could offer new insights into treatment strategies for deep - vein thrombosis — the formation of a harmful clot in a deep vein.

Beginning in the 1970s, cloning techniques enabled researchers to create multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a bacterial colony.

Then, they examined the bacterial DNA, looking for patterns or variations in the microbes» genes that would help them identify specific strains of bacteria.

When they sequenced the complete genomes of the Y. pestis DNA in those seven individuals, the team found that the bacterial genomes from the earliest samples lacked two genes that helped Y. pestis evade the immune systems of humans and fleas during the Black Death.

When Fishel and Kolodner heard of the accumulation of mutations in cancer cells from patients with familial colon cancer, they suspected that the gene responsible would be similar to the bacterial and yeast genes they had studied.

Published Dec. 18, 2017 in Nature Genetics, a team led by researchers at Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) have exploited a catalog of bacterial genomes to identify and characterize candidate genes that aid bacteria in adapting to plant environments, specifically genes involved in bacterial root colonization.

Published December 18, 2017 issue in Nature Genetics, a team led by researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) have exploited a catalog of bacterial genomes to identify and characterize candidate genes that aid bacteria in adapting to plant environments, specifically genes involved in bacterial root colonization.

By comparing differences in the gene that confers antibiotic resistance, as well as other pieces of DNA, the team determined that 70 % of their samples included just five bacterial strains.

First, they managed to make the bacterial lysostaphin gene function effectively in cultures of mammalian cells.

But while this study has proved that the technique works in a simple organism, it could also be applied to other bacterial species, yeast or even human cells to find useful information about how genes are controlled and how they can be manipulated.

We're still struggling with the smallest bacterial cell, in which we don't know what even one - fifth of the genes do.

The putative archaeal host existed in a stable symbiotic relationship with one or more bacterial species, with the capacity for both gene and lipid exchange between species.

The Duke team has previously explored blood tests to examine a patient's RNA for gene signatures to distinguish bacterial and viral infections in the upper respiratory tract and is working with a private company to develop potential diagnostics.

These crops, being embraced by big agriculture in the U.S., carry genes that imbue them with resistance to herbicides and lace their tissues with a bacterial toxin harmless to humans but fatal to pests that may try to feed on them.

He says this idea has «very profound» implications for the debate over the origins of bacterial genes that are present in the human genome but absent in our closest relatives (Science, 8 June, p. 1903): The amount of conjugation Waters detected is «high enough to readily explain» the possible infiltration of bacterial genesinto our DNA, meaning that conjugation could have happened quickly enough to add genes only to humans, in the years since they split from the common ancestor they shared with chimpanzees.

While antibiotic resistance genes are not harmful in themselves, they limit the use of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections and pose a serious threat to global public health if they get transmitted to humans from environmental sources, such as compost.

Although Jack and Malcolm had never met F2F, they were a tight team with a good rep on the Distributed Biology Network: gene hunters who amplified bacterial DNA from soil and water samples, shotgun sequenced it, and identified genes that weren't in the catalogs.

To show that technique worked, the scientists used DropSynth to make thousands of bacterial genes — each as long as 669 base pairs in length.

Ten classifier genes distinguished infants with bacteremia from those without bacterial infections in the test set.

In her experiments, Lopatkin put bacterial cells under a sort of suspended animation where they could neither die nor reproduce but they could still swap genes.

«Antibiotics don't promote swapping of resistance genes: Bacterial resistance spreads through population dynamics, not an increase in gene transfers.»

Sixty - six classifier genes were identified that distinguished infants with and without bacterial infections in the test set.

Bacterial populations pose an intriguing puzzle: in so - called isogenic populations, all bacteria have the same genes, but they still behave differently, for example grow at different speeds.

Plasmids are also key players in moving antibiotic resistance genes between different bacterial species.

Cd14 is involved in the detection of bacterial factors and has been identified as a candidate gene in genetic screens.

So in the new study the researchers slipped the «alien» pair of bases into bacterial genes that also contained traditional bases.