Around a decade later an unknown ship, probably from the Bay of Bengal, discharged
ballast water into the coastal waters of Peru, releasing a strain of cholera that contaminated shellfish.
Therefore, if the aim is to keep introduced species out, then only taking
ballast water into consideration will not be enough.
Not exact matches
Scientists say that Mnemiopsis probably reached the Adriatic via
ballast waters — something a new international treaty that comes
into force next year should hopefully prevent in the future.
Worried that the ferry might suck the rapidly spreading virus
into its
ballast tanks while docked at the mainland, she asked if there were any way to disinfect that
ballast before it was released
into park
waters.
There is a separate IMO international convention on management of
ballast water — signed in 2004 — that would come
into force when ratified by a required number of 30 states.
The UN's International Maritime Organization (IMO) is on the verge of entering the
Ballast Water Management Convention
into force, but this will not happen until 12 months after countries with a combined total of at least 35 % of the World's commercial fleet (measured in gross tonnage) have ratified the Convention.
In 1991, the IMO adopted guidelines which recommend that ships should avoid taking on
ballast in shallow areas and during toxic blooms of marine algae; keep accurate records of where and when
ballast is loaded; exchange
ballast water at sea, where toxic organisms are rare; and discharge sediments
into approved areas at the port of destination («End of the line for deadly stowaways», New Scientist, 24 October 1992).
A United Nations treaty agreed in 2004 requiring ships to install kit to kill off biological stowaways in their
ballast water has still not been ratified by enough nations to come
into force.
To come
into force, the
Ballast Water Convention requires 30 nations to ratify the treaty, which they have — but those nations must hold the registrations for 35 per cent of the world's merchant shipping tonnage.
Cecilia de Castro, lead author of the review, commented: «This study comes at a pertinent time, providing further evidence to highlight the importance of the IMO
Ballast Water Convention, which has recently reached 35 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage and will enter
into force on 8/09/2017.
Future simulations will also have to take
into account which engineering solutions for
ballast water treatment will eventually be adopted by port authorities.
Ballast water is
water that is pumped
into the hull of a ship in order to stabilize it against the rough conditions of an ocean voyage.
When the ship reaches port, millions of liters of
ballast water are pumped out
into the harbor, releasing the microbes
into the new environment.
Ships are required to manage their
ballast water so that any aquatic organisms and pathogens are removed or rendered harmless before the
ballast water is released
into a new location.