Sentences with phrase «based climate observations»

With more than 300 instrument systems providing ground - based climate observations, ARM relies heavily on instrument scientists and engineers known as instrument mentors for calibrating and assessing the status of the instruments.

Space - based climate observations are notoriously prone to bias.

Not exact matches

The approach proposed in the paper combines information from observation - based data, general circulation models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs).

The method is based on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), which is a machine learning method that has been developed to infer very complex models from observations, with uses in climate sciences and epidemiology among others.

Based on past observations, Held, who was not involved with the study, said the climate sensitivity of 5 °C or more shown by the new research may be implausible.

On October 28, NASA launched the National Polar - orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project, a prototype of the new generation of satellites, Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), that will be the backbone of U.S. space - based weather and climate observations.

Trenberth says that the climate monitoring principles set by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the lead international organization for oversight of systematic climate observations, lack provisions for verifying accuracy and confirming or refuting «surprising» climate - change results based on satellitclimate monitoring principles set by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the lead international organization for oversight of systematic climate observations, lack provisions for verifying accuracy and confirming or refuting «surprising» climate - change results based on satellitClimate Observing System (GCOS), the lead international organization for oversight of systematic climate observations, lack provisions for verifying accuracy and confirming or refuting «surprising» climate - change results based on satellitclimate observations, lack provisions for verifying accuracy and confirming or refuting «surprising» climate - change results based on satellitclimate - change results based on satellite data.

ARM is the world's premier ground - based observations facility advancing atmospheric and climate research.

Corbyn & Trenberth are similar in wasting our time on hyperpartisan political rants, rather than sticking to succinctly informing us about observation - based natural climate variations.

Instead, the web special opened with «Estimates of future global temperatures based on recent observations must account for the differing characteristics of each important driver of recent climate change», which sounds a bit ho - hum, if not, well, duh?

None of the assertions are based on rigorous statistical associations, oceanographic observations or physically based simulations; it is all seat - of - the - pants stuff of a sort that was common in the early days of climate studies, but which is difficult to evaluate when viewed as a scientific hypothesis.

The analysis of processes contributing to climate feedbacks in models and recent studies based on large ensembles of models suggest that in the future it may be possible to use observations to narrow the current spread in model projections of climate change.

From its base in Namibia, the Observations of Clouds above Aerosols and their Interactions (ORACLES) study will use airborne instruments this fall to probe the impact on climate and rainfall of the interaction between clouds over the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and smoke from vegetation burning in southern Africa.

They determine the probability of combinations of climate sensitivity and net aerosol forcing based on the fit between simulations and observations (see Section 9.6 and Supplementary Material, Appendix 9.

An increasing number of states are passing legislation mandating annual evaluations of teachers and school leaders, based upon multiple measures including state test scores, local assessments, classroom observations, climate surveys and other factors.

It's something of an abstract concept, but with real world implications, and the universality of such physical models, based on things like radiative balance, atmospheric composition and density, distance from the local Sun, etc., is a very strong argument in favor of general acceptance of the results of climate models and observations on Earth.

This is OK when you can completely control the replicability of a situation (eg changing the CO2 in a glass bottle) but rather more difficult in the case of the planet you are living on, when the inferences have to be made on the basis of both what happens in a glass bottle (physics) and what the observed behaviour of the unique subject (the planetary climate system) has been in terms of recent observations and its geological history.

Bayesian estimation of climate sensitivity based on a simple climate model fitted to observations oh hemispheric temperature and global ocean heat content.

This is quite subtle though — weather forecast models obviously do better if they have initial conditions that are closer to the observations, and one might argue that for particular climate model predictions that are strongly dependent on the base climatology (such as for Arctic sea ice) tuning to the climatology will be worthwhile.

A simple comparison of observations with projections based on real world climate forcings shows a very close match, especially if we take natural unforced variability into account as well (mainly ENSO).

There are uncertainties in parts of the general circulation models used to forecast future climate, but thousands of scientists have made meticulous efforts to make sure that the processes are based on observations of basic physics, laboratory measurements, and sound theoretical calculations.

Instead, the web special opened with «Estimates of future global temperatures based on recent observations must account for the differing characteristics of each important driver of recent climate change», which sounds a bit ho - hum, if not, well, duh?

Some of them are optimal fingerprint detection studies (estimating the magnitude of fingerprints for different external forcing factors in observations, and determining how likely such patterns could have occurred in observations by chance, and how likely they could be confused with climate response to other influences, using a statistically optimal metric), some of them use simpler methods, such as comparisons between data and climate model simulations with and without greenhouse gas increases / anthropogenic forcing, and some are even based only on observations.

eg pg xii To improve our predictive capability, we need: • to understand better the various climate - related processes, particularly those associated with clouds, oceans and the carbon cycle • to improve the systematic observation of climate - related variables on a global basis, and further investigate changes which took place in the past • to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system • to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries • to facilitate international exchange of climate data

These graphs are based on observations of sea levels and climate in Europe in the past centuries.

Federal and State agencies are planning for and integrating climate change research into resource management and actions to address impacts of climate change based on historical impacts, future vulnerabilities, and observations on the ground.

Waiting ten more years for a half - made climate treaty to be finalized is not acceptable on the basis of these observations alone.

Bayesian estimation of climate sensitivity based on a simple climate model fitted to observations of hemispheric temperatures and global ocean heat content

# 57, RE small numbers, I'm no climate scientist, but I do know statisticians have methods, such as Chi - square and log - linear analysis (based on odds ratios), that are quite successful on data sets with small numbers of observations.

I have a dream that someday science will be judged on the evidence and not on its policy considerations; a dream that someday scientists can meet together and discuss climate openly and without fear of censure, loss of employment or lost opportunities for advancement; a dream that scientists will be judged on the basis of the quality of their observations and logic and not on their politics.

The models are gauged against the following observation - based datasets: Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP; Xie and Arkin, 1997) for precipitation (1980 — 1999), European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts 40 - year reanalysis (ERA40; Uppala et al., 2005) for sea level pressure (1980 — 1999) and Climatic Research Unit (CRU; Jones et al., 1999) for surface temperature (1961 — 1990).

This Nature Climate Change paper concluded, based purely on simulations by the GISS - E2 - R climate model, that estimates of the transient climate response (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) based on observations over the historical period (~ 1850 to recent times) were biasClimate Change paper concluded, based purely on simulations by the GISS - E2 - R climate model, that estimates of the transient climate response (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) based on observations over the historical period (~ 1850 to recent times) were biasclimate model, that estimates of the transient climate response (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) based on observations over the historical period (~ 1850 to recent times) were biasclimate response (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) based on observations over the historical period (~ 1850 to recent times) were biasclimate sensitivity (ECS) based on observations over the historical period (~ 1850 to recent times) were biased low.

Climate alarmism is not based on empirical observation; rather, it is entirely predicated on computer models that are manipulated to generate predictions of significant global warming as a result of increased concentrations of CO2.

He also presented an example of the application of bias correction to individual meteorological variables prior to the formulation of the index based on climate simulations, and showed that the values obtained for the index fitted quite nicely the observations.

Instead of involving a choice of whether to keep or discard an observation based upon a prior expectation, we hypothesize that this selection bias involves the «survival» of climate models from generation to generation, based upon their warming rate.

First of all probably the biggest climate news of 2017 comes not from the scientific literature (is therefore not featured in the Royal Society report), but from direct global observations: based on preliminary data the current year is likely to rank among the three hottest years on the global record — including 2015 (2nd) and 2016 (1st), with 2014 ranking 4th.

All the case studies draw on observations of impacts that are consistent with, or attibutable to, human - induced climate change based on multiple lines of scientific evidence.

Some in the blogosphere have attempted to discredit my contribution to the climate debate on the basis that I have no professional climatology qualifications but my involvement in the form of study, observation and thought substantially pre-dates that of many current, prominent, commentators.

As for Hansen's scenarios, emissions have followed Hansen's scenario B, so observations should be compared to scenario B not A. Hansen's projections were based on a climate sensitivity of over 4C.

I have been raising this issue for some time especially in my various articles for ClimateRealists.com in which I have been persistently proposing that on the basis of real world climate observations the effect of solar variability on climate must be the opposite of conventional climatology.

We also need to improve the systematic observation of climate - related variables on a global basis; to investigate further past changes; to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system; to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries; and to facilitate the international exchange of climate data.

However, detection and attribution analyses based on climate simulations that include these forcings, (e.g., Stott et al., 2006b), continue to detect a significant anthropogenic influence in 20th - century temperature observations even though the near - surface patterns of response to black carbon aerosols and sulphate aerosols could be so similar at large spatial scales (although opposite in sign) that detection analyses may be unable to distinguish between them (Jones et al., 2005).

Those observations have prompted researchers to argue for another «unlearning» writing, «our understanding of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems based on flipper - band data should be reconsidered.»

[12] Magne Aldrin et al., «Bayesian Estimation of Climate Sensitivity Based on a Simple Climate Model Fitted to Observations of Hemispheric Temperatures and Global Ocean Heat Content,» Environmetrics, Vol.

The contract — SECTEUR (Sector Engagement for Copernicus Climate Change Service; Translating European User Requirements) is funded by the Reading - based European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) on behalf of Copernicus, the European Commission's Earth observation and monitoring programme.

6, No. 6 (June 2013), pp. 415 — 416; Magne Aldrin et al., «Bayesian Estimation of Climate Sensitivity Based on a Simple Climate Model Fitted to Observations of Hemispheric Temperatures and Global Ocean Heat Content,» Environmetrics, Vol.

On the first sentence stating that the WGI report considers evidence of past and future climate change based on many independent scientific analyses from observations of the climate system, paleoclimate archives, theoretical studies of climate processes, and simulations using climate models, Saudi Arabia proposed clarifying that evidence of future climate change is based on models and simulations only.

Climate change observations so far do not support alarmism, CCL's obvious goal to lobby government for more mitigation on the basis of the alarmism is something I totally (and obviously) reject.

Based on the same observation one could argue that the hockeystick methodology is correct to pick out the bristlecones because it is the only proxy that shows a climate signal consistent with a 20th century rise in temperature as measured by meteorological stations.

Those numbers were based on crude climate models whose validity had never been tested by observations — and even today, there remains no validation for the climate models that are at the heart of most claims of climate catastrophe.