For Brazil, international climate negotiations should not be focused on discussing REDD and other market - based mechanisms, but rather on the transition to a new production, distribution and consumption model based on agroecology, on a solidarity -
based economic approach, and on a diversified and decentralized energy matrix capable of ensuring food security and sovereignty.
Market -
based economic approaches are presupposed both for IPCC WG III and the UNFCCC.
Not exact matches
This
approach is
based on
economic benefits that the business is expected to generate sometime in the future.
In addition to the rules -
based approach, Mester also suggested the Fed not focus so much on short - term data changes in its
economic projections, and tweaking those projections to link them to where each individual member believes the funds rate should be if those conditions come to fruition.
While the Alliance is anchored in Minneapolis - St Paul, it has pioneered an «extra-regional»
approach to technology -
based economic development.
Our top - down
approach is used to identify attractive areas to invest in
based on business and
economic trends.
The unique Council partnership has resulted in a strategic
approach to high tech
economic development that involves matching funds research, workforce development and a marketing program leveraging governmental, corporate and
economic development organization budgets on a regional rather than local
basis.
There is a critical need to ensure that Canada's
approach to international
economic relations is proactive, strategic, and evidence -
based.
The income
approach to measuring gross domestic product (GDP) is
based on the accounting reality that all expenditures in an economy should equal the total income generated by the production of all
economic goods and services.
VIDI allocates to countries
based on their perceived ability to withstand
economic shocks as determined by multiple factors, an
approach that can produce significant and unusual differences from market - weighted country exposure, including a bias to emerging countries.
The November
Economic and Fiscal Update confirmed «the Government's realistic
approach to fiscal management,
based on the principles of sustainability, prudence and transparency».
Hans Kung suggests that the Enlightenment led to the unprecedented progress of the sciences, a completely new social order and a revaluation of the individual.12 Today the Enlightenment
approach is subject to strong criticism, especially from post-modernists, but it helped, for good or ill, to divorce political and
economic thinking from a
basis in a religious view of life.
The key in the difference between the two broadcasting
approaches lies in the
economic basis and this, it has been noted, was the issue over which programming issues were first raised in the early years of television in the 1950s.
Through strong member support, an informed and science -
based approach, supply chain collaborations and continuous outreach, The Sustainable Packaging Coalition ® endeavors to build packaging systems that encourage
economic prosperity and a sustainable flow of materials.
The program, which helps communities apply environmentally responsible
approaches to sustainable development, is
based on the idea that
economic growth and conservation can go hand - in - hand, rather than being in conflict.
The Liberal Democrat
approach to English concerns is
based on five interconnected devolution proposals: EVEL; a constitutional convention; the local level as the main recipient of decentralised powers; more City Deals (like Devo Manc) to prompt
economic growth; and «devolution on demand», to allow councils to take control of the services that matter most to them.
But it can perhaps provide a constructive
basis for thinking about what we fundamentally want from an
economic order and about some of the institutions or
approaches that will promote these goals.
The Executive Budget establishes 10 Regional
Economic Development Councils, which will be chaired by Lieutenant Governor Robert Duffy, to create a more regionally - based approach to allocating economic development funding and to act as one - stop shops for all State - supported economic development and business assistance programs in each
Economic Development Councils, which will be chaired by Lieutenant Governor Robert Duffy, to create a more regionally -
based approach to allocating
economic development funding and to act as one - stop shops for all State - supported economic development and business assistance programs in each
economic development funding and to act as one - stop shops for all State - supported
economic development and business assistance programs in each
economic development and business assistance programs in each region.
«Welcome signs of restraint continue with 51 % of FTSE 100 companies having now frozen
base pay for their chief executives, but it is also clear that shareholders are ready to signal their impatience with companies whose remuneration
approach does not take account of the impact of the
economic downturn.
The REDCs have redefined the way New York invests in jobs and
economic growth by putting in place a community -
based, bottom up
approach and establishing a competitive process for State resources.
It will not do as the
basis of what the government actually does however.I suspect most of us will grit our teeth and campaign as best we can for a Labour victory in spite of our disagreement with many aspects of the manifesto including the central thrust of the
economic approach.
The Regional Councils have redefined the way New York invests in jobs and
economic growth by putting in place a community -
based, bottom up
approach and establishing a competitive process for State resources.
One way of
approaching this question is to put forward a stark and unimaginative choice between two models: either something
based on European
Economic Area membership; or a traditional Free Trade Agreement, such as that the EU has recently negotiated with Canada.
The Regional Councils represent a fundamental shift in the state's
approach to
economic development, from a top - down development model to a community -
based approach that emphasizes regions» unique assets, harnesses local expertise, and empowers each region to set plans and priorities.
Regional councils are part of Governor Andrew Cuomo's plan to distribute
economic development aid throughout the state using a community -
based, bottom - up
approach to building New York's economy.
The latest issue of EPJ Special Topics examines the question as to whether econophysics, a physics -
based approach to understanding
economic phenomena, is more useful and desirable than conventional economics theories.
That the Parliament recognises that contract research staff in Scotland's universities and research institutes are one of the most significant assets in Scotland's knowledge economy; notes that more than 90 % of such staff are employed on insecure fixed term contracts, resulting in a systematic failure to properly exploit our science and social science
base to the benefit of the Scottish economy and society; further notes that this highly educated human resource, comprising graduate, postgraduate and postdoctoral level workers, is subject to constant wastage, to the detriment of Scotland's universities and
economic potential; and believes that the Scottish Executive should act with clarity, urgency and determination to secure a complete overhaul of the management of the contract research workforce with a view to eliminating the current insecurity and wastage and establishing a radical new
approach in partnership with higher education employers and representatives of the research staff.
EPA administrater Carol Browner said: «The success of these first auctions proves that utilities and the public are taking emission trading seriously and that a market -
based approach to environmental policy can succeed in meeting the dual goals of environmental protection and
economic growth.
Because the
economic questions involved have received relatively little attention, I have been writing a nontechnical book for people who would like to see how market -
based approaches could be used to formulate policy on climate change.
Based on a true story, the new film from director John Lee Hancock (Saving Mr. Banks), follows the trail of how traveling salesman Ray Kroc (Michael Keaton), impressed by the brothers» innovative assembly - line
approach to the kitchen, maneuvered himself into a position where he was ultimately able to take control of the company, transforming himself in the process to the «founder» of an
economic empire.
Credit is aligned with a rights -
based approach more than assistance because it boosts people's financial assets for livelihoods while «maintaining the borrower's dignity as
economic actors - not as recipients of charitable handouts,» (Jacobsen 2005: 77).
Educational leaders are most effective when they operate from an asset -
based approach of the social, emotional,
economic and cognitive conditions of their students (Theoharis & Brooks, 2012).
Based on this science, as well as
economic cost - benefit arguments, P - 3
approaches provide a compelling argument: If children are given a stronger start earlier in life, they will be more successful in grades 4 - 12 and beyond.
The Pew Center's
approach is
based on sound science and a belief that people can work together to protect the climate while sustaining
economic growth.
This book is focused on the challenges to implement sustainability in diverse contexts such as agribusiness, natural resource systems and new technologies.The experiences made by the researchers of the School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Science (SAFE) of the University of Basilicata offer a wide and multidisciplinary
approach to the identification and testing of different solutions tailored to the
economic, social and environmental characteristics of the region and the surrounding areas.Basilicata's productive system is mainly
based on activities related to the agricultural sector and exploitation of natural resources but it has seen, in recent years, an industrial development driven by the discovery of oil fields.
He picked them
based on
economic cycles, and that was really the genius of his
approach.»
Investing is buying a fractional interest in a business and buying debt claims on a business... if you have the conviction of your analysis — are sure that your analysis wasn't optimistic or flighty or
based on a snapshot of an
economic environment that can not tolerate any stress — then you will not panic... Our
approach has always been to find compelling bargains.
This
approach is sometimes referred to as an «
economic benefit»
approach which is discussed in more detail below because the employee is only taxed
based on the
economic benefit that he / she receives.
AAII Stock Ideas The Muhlenkamp Stock Screen: High ROEs at a Reasonable Price Muhlenkamp uses a bottom - up
approach to selecting stocks, but adjusts his benchmarks
based upon the broad
economic environment, using prevailing inflation and interest rates to help establish his investment hurdles.
Muhlenkamp uses a bottom - up
approach to selecting stocks, but adjusts his benchmarks
based upon the broad
economic environment.
One can build a smart beta strategy with any stock ranking methodology that is not related to prices, from a strategy as naïve and transaction - intensive as equal weighting to a more efficient
approach such as weighting on the
basis of fundamental
economic scale.
It's a private investment company,
based in Brisbane, which adheres strictly to the «value»
approach to investment pioneered by Graham and to the
economic insights of Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises and Murray Rothbard.
Specifically, in constructing and managing the portfolio, the Portfolio Manager intends to apply a top down, macroeconomic
approach to sector allocation and rotation,
based on its views of the stage of the
economic cycle.
That being the case, I favor an international regulatory
approach to global warming, one that would mandate, on the
basis of the best scientific and
economic estimates, sufficient reductions in greenhouse gases to forestall the worst disasters.
Estimated
based on the price - gap
approach therefore understate total fossil - fuel subsidies as well as their impact on
economic efficiency and trade.
They include: reliance on industry innovation that has been the driving force behind America's energy renaissance — innovation that launched the surge in shale energy production, prompting increased natural gas use and resulting in lower carbon emissions; embracing the successful, free - market
approach to energy and
economic growth while lowering emissions by
basing decisions on sound science; and allowing more opportunities for energy exploration and development.
The
basis for their view typically is that natural resources are being used to promote their general
economic development, and that this
approach more than offsets the notional loss of value by selling the resource domestically at a price below the international price.
Along with Energy Transition Advisors, Carbon Tracker has produced a report concluding that «Shell's
approach is
based on dismissing potentially weaker demand for its oil due to tougher climate policies, technological advances and slower
economic growth.»
In 1981, my Harvard colleague, political scientist Steven Kelman surveyed Congressional staff members, and found that support and opposition to market -
based environmental policy instruments was
based largely on ideological grounds: Republicans, who supported the concept of
economic - incentive
approaches, offered as a reason the assertion that «the free market works,» or «less government intervention» is desirable, without any real awareness or understanding of the
economic arguments for market -
based programs.
It discusses the assessment of climate change impacts on forest regulating services using an ecosystem
based valuation
approach and finally presents the
economic valuation exercise, and corresponding monetary estimation results of forest sequestration services in the context of climate change.