Not exact matches
«Corn -
based ethanol, instead of
producing a 20 percent savings [in greenhouse gas emissions], nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years,» the researchers write.
«We can do this while simultaneously
producing from the biomass lignin - free cellulose, which is the
basis of
ethanol and other liquid fuels.
The company can
produce more than 100 gallons of fuel per ton
based on lab experiments because bacteria make more
ethanol: «We aren't
producing butanol, propanol, hexanol, octanol, and all the other alcohols,» Bolsen says.
Searchinger's outlook is bleaker: He estimates that the rise in corn -
based ethanol production in the United States would increase greenhouse gases, relative to what our current, fossil - fuel -
based economy
produces, for 167 years.
This means that switchgrass
ethanol delivers 540 percent of the energy used to
produce it, compared with just roughly 25 percent more energy returned by corn -
based ethanol according to the most optimistic studies.
Liskij, Nicholas Grade: 8 SUMMA at Whitford Middle School - Beaverton, OR Project Title: Extracting Cellulase Enzymes from Varying Species of Soil Fungi Grown in a Cellulose
Based Agar in Order to
Produce Cellulosic
Ethanol
We have developed an innovative, rapid sol - gel method of
producing hydroxyapatite nanopowders that avoids the conventional lengthy ageing and drying processes (over a week), being 200 times quicker in comparison to conventional aqueous sol - gel preparation, and 50 times quicker than
ethanol based sol - gel synthesis.
Right now we're taxing sugar -
based ethanol at 54 cents per gallon while we are subsidizing corn -
based ethanol at 45 cents per gallon, even though sugar -
based ethanol is cheaper and
producing it generates less carbon dioxide.
Importing sugar -
based ethanol from Brazil will create a market for that product in the U.S. — and that will
produce a sweet new market for Florida sugarcane growers, too.
The USA -
based firm Algenol has struck a deal with Mexico -
based BioFields to grow and process algae in a manner that cost effectively
produces ethanol - directly from the culture.
Eligible feedstocks for gasoline substitutes are waste -
based biomass and purpose grown crops with a carbon intensity substantially lower than current average California
produced ethanol using Midwest corn feedstocks (80.7 gCO2 - eq / MJ).
And there was this: «By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land - use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported in 2008, «we found that corn -
based ethanol, instead of
producing a 20 percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.»
Switchgrass and hybrid poplars would
produce relatively high
ethanol yields on marginal lands, but it likely will be another decade before cellulosic
ethanol can compete with corn -
based ethanol.
It cited «plausible scenarios in which GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions from corn - grain
ethanol are much higher than those of petroleum -
based fuels,» and questioned the method by which EPA determined that
ethanol would
produce 21 percent less emissions.
The 88 percent figure is what the Wang study concluded would be accomplished by
ethanol made from switchgrass, which holds greater promise of greenhouse gas reduction than corn -
based ethanol, but isn't yet being
produced in large quantities.
New Zealand -
based Lanzatech, the developer of gas fermentation technology for
producing ethanol and high value chemicals (e.g.: MEK, Butadiene) from industrial waste gases, has signed a memorandum of understanding with one of the largest coal producers in China, Henan Coal and Chemical Industrial Corporation, to build a demonstration plant to... Read more →
This received a big boost in Brazil, when companies with cane -
based ethanol distilleries realized that burning bagasse, the fibrous material left after the sugar syrup is extracted, could simultaneously
produce heat for fermentation and generate electricity that they could sell to the local utility.
To
produce enough corn -
based ethanol to meet current U.S. demand for automotive gasoline, we would need to nearly double the amount of land used for harvested crops, plant all of it in corn, year after year, and not eat any of it.»
In the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, Congress said that of the 36 billion gallons of biofuel it wants
produced by 2022, 15 billion gallons must come from corn -
based ethanol and at least 16 billion gallons from cellulosic biofuels.
If total oil supply
based on these numbers are compared, the United States actually
produces more oil than these other countries because the United States
produces far more oil from natural gas and other liquids (e.g.
ethanol) and refinery gain than do the other countries.
That makes the arithmetic work, but unfortunately, there is no viable technology to
produce cellulosic
ethanol, and corn -
based ethanol is hitting its limits.
Ethanol from Brazil and other sugar - producing countries is cheaper than domestic corn - based ethanol, but the high tariff discourages low - cost i
Ethanol from Brazil and other sugar -
producing countries is cheaper than domestic corn -
based ethanol, but the high tariff discourages low - cost i
ethanol, but the high tariff discourages low - cost imports.
Amyris, which is
based in Emeryville, CA, uses the tools of a new field called synthetic biology to reengineer microbes, including yeast that can ferment sugar to
produce hydrocarbons instead of
ethanol.
Follow me on Twitter, and check out The Utopianist More on
Ethanol Ethanol: How the Fuel is
Produced, Growing Corn and More New Study Finds Corn -
based Ethanol More Harmful Than Oil -
based Fuels
The technologies to convert these cellulosic materials into
ethanol exist, but the cost of
producing cellulosic
ethanol is close to double that of grain -
based ethanol.
Does it matter whether there is a net energy loss in the production of corn -
based ethanol --- that is, it takes more fossil fuel energy to
produce ethanol than the
ethanol itself
produces?
Consumers pay more for food, and
producing corn -
based ethanol results in much more carbon dioxide than
producing sugar -
based ethanol.
It has been estimated that «if every bushel of U.S. corn, wheat, rice and soybean were used to
produce ethanol, it would only cover about 4 % of U.S. energy needs on a net
basis.»
There are a number of new approaches to
producing corn -
based ethanol, using more renewable energy in the production of
ethanol (such as methane from waste products or wind energy).
Even if all the corn -
based ethanol that was
produced were used as E85, there would not be many gasoline stations selling E85.
By comparison, it would take 25 % of current cropland to
produce an equivalent amount of corn -
based ethanol.
The company uses bio-organisms to break down all carbon -
based materials and
produces ethanol as a by - product.