For years, this provision dangled threats of punitive measures, including closure, over struggling schools if they didn't meet narrow federally mandated test -
based measures of accountability.
Not exact matches
Accountability should be
measured on the
basis of tangible industrial values, e.g., business viability 3 years after CICP purchase, along with demonstrated success in meeting client (government agency) needs.
'' [T] he poverty
of postmodern ethical relativism should be evident - a missing ethical subject and hence no possibility
of genuine moral responsibility or
accountability, desire as the
basis for ethics, ethics as pure self - creation with the vaguest
of boundaries, ethics without principle, or ethical conduct
measured by how well one «copes with the flux»
of the postmodern world.»
The Sunshine State had instituted school voucher programs, increased the number
of charter schools, and devised a sophisticated
accountability system that evaluates schools on the
basis of their progress as
measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).
In the meantime, policymakers should resist proposals to incorporate survey -
based measures of non-cognitive skills into high - stakes
accountability systems.
In his new book, Professor Dan Koretz looks at how test -
based accountability has become an end in itself in American education, unmoored from clear thinking on what should be
measured in school, harming students and corrupting the ideals
of teaching.
CAMBRIDGE, MA — An analysis
of a new report by a committee
of the National Research Council (NRC), the research arm
of the National Academy
of Sciences, shows that average student gains from the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) test -
based accountability measures would yield, over the next 80 years, a national economic benefit
of approximately $ 14 trillion.
In good
measure, the failures
of the current system have festered as long as they have because many
of the advocates
of test -
based accountability simply didn't want to face the evidence.
They'd have
accountability systems composed
of statewide
measures («
base points») and locally determined indicators.
It's true that test scores are correlated with some
measures of later life success, but for test -
based accountability to work we would need to see that changes in test scores caused by schools are associated with changes in later life success for students.
Accountability based on objective performance
measures has the benefit
of being transparent.
Accountability measures are
based on the goal
of having every student meet high standards.
ED's press release explains, «The administration's proposal for fixing NCLB calls for college and career - ready standards, more great teachers and principals, robust use
of data and a more flexible and targeted
accountability system
based on
measuring annual student growth.
Instead
of encouraging innovation with the newly available tech tools,
accountability systems
based on narrow and dated
measures tended to clamp down on new approaches.
Standards -
based reform was fed by three factors: increased expectations for learning beyond high school, which led to a focus on college readiness for all; the availability
of reliable and cheap
measures of student proficiency in reading and math; and the push for teacher and school
accountability.
Current time - and age -
based accountability measures have a stronghold on schools, even those trying to break away from the factory model
of education.
In standards -
based reform, much
of the attention has been on states as the entities responsible for setting academic standards, developing testing systems to
measure the standards, and then putting
accountability systems in place
based on those standards.
In a competency -
based system, flexibly timed
accountability tests may provide better
measures of progress than fixed, annual tests.
Base any
accountability system designed to
measure school and / or state performance on multiple
measures of student growth and learning.
The two new quality indicators are
based on how charters performed on state
accountability measures, including whether the state increased the percentage
of charters receiving top ratings and decreased the percentage
of charters receiving bottom ratings.
Almost every state is now instituting
accountability systems to
measure progress in standards -
based reform, and almost every such system depends heavily on testing as an indicator
of student or school performance.
Among them are a focus within preschool programs on teaching pre-academic skills; the conceptualization
of the role
of the adults who provide center -
based care as that
of a teacher; a bias towards delivering pre-K services through school districts; a press towards common standards and curriculum across pre-K providers;
accountability regimens that are tied to children's performance on
measures that correlate with later school success; disproportionate spending on four - year - olds as opposed to younger children; and marginalization
of the family's responsibility.
And the second piece, though, is broadening out and redefining
accountability so that we can try new things, so that it's not just about the two tests, that it's about high school graduation, but not just about high school graduation, that it's about other ways
of measuring student progress and thinking about how kids learn, and engaging kids like through project -
based instruction.
To examine the correspondence
of citizen perceptions
of school quality and
measures of test - score growth, we turn to our representative sample
of residents
of Florida, where the state
accountability system evaluates schools
based on both test - score levels and test - score growth.
My own research has suggested the potential importance
of reference bias due to differences in school climate, leading me to caution in this series against proposals to incorporate survey -
based measures of non-cognitive skills into high - stakes
accountability systems.
Contemporary
accountability policies have created the added expectation that districts will differentiate support to schools on the
basis of achievement results from state testing programs and other
accountability measures, with particular attention to be given to schools where large numbers
of students are not meeting standards
of proficiency.
RIDE's 2016 classifications, the highest in their
accountability system, are
based on Composite Index Scores that comprise
measures of student proficiency (in English language arts and mathematics), gap -LSB-...]
We developed a research -
based model that is practical, easy to implement, timely and works for all schools and includes a
measure of accountability and recognition for model - level implementation, The PBIS Champion Model System.
«Some people are tired
of all
of the test -
based accountability measures and want to get rid
of it entirely.
Robert Enlow, President
of the Friedman Foundation, reminded Fordham that such top - down
accountability has not worked in government schools — something that Fordham itself once lamented when it called certain test -
based accountability measures an «illusion.»
For example, while we have ample evidence
of unintended consequences
of test -
based accountability — as well as evidence
of some potential benefits — we know less about the consequences
of using value - added
measures to encourage educators to improve.
Organize a consortium
of districts to create a new
accountability system
based on multiple
measures of school quality and student learning
While NPR's Westervelt criticizes Kane for making a «pretty scathing and strong indictment»
of America's education system, what Kane does not understand writ large is that the very solutions for which Kane advocates — using VAM -
based measurements to fire and hire bad and good teachers, respectively — are really no different than the «stronger
accountability»
measures upon which we have relied for the last 40 years (since the minimum competency testing era) within this alleged «echo chamber.»
In terms
of student achievement
measures, Leticia Barrera
of the Logan Square Neighborhood Association promoted a more diverse set
of assessment tools, while Carlos Azcoitia
of the Chicago Board
of Education called for greater
accountability based on growth.
A
Measure of Teacher Performance Creation
of growth models and increasingly focused attention on academic growth as the
basis for
accountability has highlighted the question
of how student growth is related to teacher performance.
From the embarrassment
of approving abysmally low — and Plessy v. Ferguson - like — proficiency targets (including that for Virginia, which had only required districts to ensure that 57 percent
of black students and 65 percent
of Latino peers were proficient in math by 2016 - 2017), to complaints from House Education and the Workforce Committee Ranking Minority Member George Miller and civil rights -
based reformers about how the administration allowed states such as South Dakota to count General Education Development certificates in their graduation rate calculations (and minimize graduation rates as a factor in
accountability measures), the administration finds itself contending with complaints from civil rights -
based reformers as well as from centrist Democrats finally acknowledging the high cost
of their push for revamping No Child at any cost.
Measuring outcomes and adjusting
based on data, both quantitative and qualitative, is the type
of good government that not only provides transparency and
accountability, but puts us on the path to higher achievement.
Accountability should be enforced where the necessary resources are provided and the tools used to
measure success or failure are well developed, appropriate to the task, and used to inform instructional decisions.School Choice School choice is appropriate within the public school system as long as equal opportunity and access are ensured without discrimination on the
basis of race, gender, socioeconomic status, or disability.
Promote evidence -
based practices and
accountability for student success by improving the use
of data, research, and evaluation to assess longitudinal student outcomes, improve school and program results, and otherwise
measure progress toward consistently delivering high quality programs and services.
The law was passed in 2015 and in 2017 states drafted their plans, which included new
accountability systems
based on multiple
measures that include factors other than test scores; conducting needs assessments for struggling schools and learning communities facing the greatest challenges in order to tailor support and intervention when needed; developing clear and concise plans for targeting federal funding in ways that meet the needs
of students in the school; and implementing programs and monitoring their progress in collaboration with educators.
The problem is that, instead
of assessment being the
basis for professional judgements about the effectiveness
of the education provided for the learner, the core purpose
of these tests is to be an
accountability measure for institutions.
Mark Anderson: It seems like other nations are way ahead
of us in talking about collaboration rather than a tunnel vision upon
accountability based on value added
measures.
We find that the estimated gaps are strongly associated with the proportions
of the test scores
based on multiple - choice and constructed - response questions on state
accountability tests, even when controlling for gender achievement gaps as
measured by the NAEP or NWEA MAP assessments, which have the same item format across states.
TAP principally plugs four Elements
of Success: Multiple Career Paths (for educators as career, mentor and master teachers); Ongoing Applied Professional Growth (through weekly cluster meetings, follow - up support in the classroom, and coaching); Instructionally Focused
Accountability (through multiple classroom observations and evaluations utilizing a research
based instrument and rubric that identified effective teaching practices); and, Performance - Based Compensation (based on multiple; measures of performance, including student achievement gains and teachers» instructional practi
based instrument and rubric that identified effective teaching practices); and, Performance -
Based Compensation (based on multiple; measures of performance, including student achievement gains and teachers» instructional practi
Based Compensation (
based on multiple; measures of performance, including student achievement gains and teachers» instructional practi
based on multiple;
measures of performance, including student achievement gains and teachers» instructional practices).
Based on results
measured by the National Assessment
of Educational Progress (NAEP), improvements in
accountability have significantly raised achievement in reading and math among all student groups.
The
accountability measures of the No Child Left Behind Act, for instance, are
based on cross-sectional rather than longitudinal data.
Excludes state assessment results for English learners in their first year
of enrollment in U.S. schools for purposes
of school
accountability (however, these students must still be assessed and included in assessment participation rates), and then includes their state assessment results in their second year
of enrollment in U.S. schools
based on the English language progress
measure.
Their emphasis was on providing «productive learning conditions for all students in each school» using
measures of educational inputs and outcomes
based on eight requirements for effective
accountability:
Considering all this, some experts have gone so far as to say that regardless
of what ends up happening in the judicial system, the political momentum for using test -
based accountability measures is all but over.
From 2016, the level will be set
based on Progress 8 - our new
accountability measure, which shows how much progress pupils in a particular school make between the end
of primary school and their GCSEs.