Sentences with phrase «based models of the climate»

The advantage of computer - based models of the climate is that, unlike «experiments» on the real thing, experiments on a model climate can be repeated.

Not exact matches

It modeled the implications for the company of a requirement for emissions to decline to levels consistent with a so - called «2 °C world» after 2030 and also looked at a number of alternative scenarios based on divergent ranges in global growth and trade, geopolitics, technological innovation and responses to climate change.

The Nexus Linking IBM, California Wine, and Climate Modeling This month, IBM announced the creation of a cloud - based geospatial information and analytics service.

The two - year project, called Building Climate Action Communities, will create a regional model of community - based climate change education programs, with a specific emphasis on moving people to Climate Action Communities, will create a regional model of community - based climate change education programs, with a specific emphasis on moving people to climate change education programs, with a specific emphasis on moving people to action.

«This document presents science - driven predictions, based on sophisticated climate - change models, regarding how we think bird distributions in Massachusetts might change during the next 30 years,» said Jon Atwood, Mass Audubon Director of Bird Conservation and a report author

Climate models are complex numerical models based on physics that amount to hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of lines of computer code to model Earth's past, present and future.

This is because the models are based on equations representing the best understanding of the physical processes that govern climate, and in 2001 they were not fine - tuned to reproduce the most recent data.

They used this data compilation to evaluate the quality of their regional atmospheric climate model, based on global climate projections that included several scenarios of anticipated climate change.

The study was based on scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and on the «Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect» (IMAGE).

The results are based on a number of independent climate archives, as well as instrumental records, and hold up whilst applying a wide range of correction methods, which leads Laepple to believe that the problem lies more with the models.

This critical question is addressed using simulations from climate models based on projections of future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols.

The model calculations, which are based on data from the CLOUD experiment, reveal that the cooling effects of clouds are 27 percent less than in climate simulations without this effect as a result of additional particles caused by human activity: Instead of a radiative effect of -0.82 W / m2 the outcome is only -0.60 W / m2.

When the weather - based model developed at Rothamsted Research was used to predict how climate change may affect the wheat crops, it was predicted that wheat flowering dates will generally be earlier and the incidence of the ear blight disease on the wheat crops will substantially increase.

Professor Dan Lunt, from the School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute at the University of Bristol said: «Because climate models are based on fundamental scientific processes, they are able not only to simulate the climate of the modern Earth, but can also be easily adapted to simulate any planet, real or imagined, so long as the underlying continental positions and heights, and ocean depths are known.»

To see whether this increase in crops has influenced the region's unusual weather, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge used computers to model five different 30 - year climate simulations, based on data from 1982 to 2011.

The study was based on reconstructions and climate modelling of a period of global warming 56 million years ago.

Based on a peatland model developed at the University of York and latest climate change predictions, the researchers warn that by 2051 - 80 the dunlin could see a 50 % decline in numbers, with the golden plover down 30 % and the red grouse down by 15 %, all driven by declining abundance of the birds» crane fly prey.

The team's findings, which are based on real, observed data, mirror the predictions of the climate models.

London researcher Rachel Lowe, Ph.D., led the development of the model that is based on 2016 climate conditions when El Nino was present in the urban coastal city of Machala, Ecuador, an area where these mosquito - borne viruses are most prevalent.

Hertel and doctoral student Uris Baldos developed a combination of economic models — one that captures the main drivers of crop supply and demand and another that assesses food security based on caloric consumption — to predict how global food security from 2006 to 2050 could be affected by changes in population, income, bioenergy, agricultural productivity and climate.

Agent - based modeling is also used to explore the impact humans can have on their environment during periods of climate change.

The researchers» predictions of the problems each country would face were based on climate change models produced by Austra - lia's national research organisation, the CSIRO.

Cynthia Rosenzweig, a researcher based at Goddard, has been using crop - growth computer models to predict effects of carbon dioxide buildup and climate change on wheat, the most widely cultivated crop in the world.

In a statement issued Wednesday, he noted: «This marks the first instance of a species being listed based upon a computer model of future climate from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate climate from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Climate Change.

The international team of co-authors, led by Peter Clark of Oregon State University, generated new scenarios for temperature rise, glacial melting, sea - level rise and coastal flooding based on state - of - the - art climate and ice sheet models.

The new modeling, conducted by the Washington, D.C. — based nonprofit group Climate Interactive, assumes annual emissions will remain flat for the remainder of the century after 2025 to 2030; nations will neither do more to clamp down on annual emissions, nor allow them to rise.

Their findings, based on output from four global climate models of varying ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster than the global average.

In the GRL study, researchers used a statistical model based on historical climate data to separate how much of the extreme rainfall from Hurricane Harvey was due to natural influences and how much was due to human influences.

«When we included projected Antarctic wind shifts in a detailed global ocean model, we found water up to 4 °C warmer than current temperatures rose up to meet the base of the Antarctic ice shelves,» said lead author Dr Paul Spence from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS).

Noting that the timing of KD outbreaks in Japan coincides with certain wind patterns from Asia, climate scientist Xavier Rodó, PhD, and colleagues at the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies and the Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences, both in Barcelona, used computer models to simulate air currents and airborne particle transport for all days since 1977 with high numbers of KD cases in Japan, based on data compiled by Yoshikazu Nakamura, MD, and colleagues at Jichi Medical University inclimate scientist Xavier Rodó, PhD, and colleagues at the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies and the Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences, both in Barcelona, used computer models to simulate air currents and airborne particle transport for all days since 1977 with high numbers of KD cases in Japan, based on data compiled by Yoshikazu Nakamura, MD, and colleagues at Jichi Medical University inClimate Sciences, both in Barcelona, used computer models to simulate air currents and airborne particle transport for all days since 1977 with high numbers of KD cases in Japan, based on data compiled by Yoshikazu Nakamura, MD, and colleagues at Jichi Medical University in Japan.

The findings are based on analyses of ancient plant leaf wax found in the sediments of the Gulf of Guinea in combination with computer models of the climate system.

The new findings of successful multi-year drought / fire predictions are based on a series of computer modeling experiments, using the state - of - the - art earth system model, the most detailed data on current ocean temperature and salinity conditions, and the climate responses to natural and human - linked radiative forcing.

Colin Johnson, an atmospheric chemistry modeller at the Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter, translates what is happening in the atmosphere into algorithms that form the basis of climate models.

«One class of crop models is agronomy - based and the other is embedded in climate models or earth system models.

For the first time, their study combines the strengths of simulations based on integrated energy - economy - climate models that estimate cost - optimal long - term strategies to meet climate targets with life cycle assessment approaches.

On the basis of where in Europe each ESU is found, the researchers then analysed whether the associated insect would be able to tolerate higher temperatures or move to somewhere cooler, using two models developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Seeing himself as a strict empiricist whose hurricane predictions are based on decades of «crunching huge piles of data,» Gray is convinced that the atmosphere is too complicated to be captured in computer simulations, at one point fulminating that «any experienced meteorologist that believes in a climate model of any type should have their head examined.»

Predictions based on the Met Office climate model suggest, «a rise of 400 million in the number of people at risk from hunger», he says.

«Non-linear» animal reactions He and his colleagues based their analysis on nearly 500 million temperature records collected at 3,000 weather stations between 1961 and 2009, feeding that information into models that allowed them to estimate how climate shifts affected the metabolism of cold - blooded insects, lizards and amphibians around the world.

To simulate the interplay of global climate with regional pollution conditions, the scientists turned to two of the world's leading atmospheric models, both based at NCAR and developed through broad collaborations with the atmospheric science community.

To meet this need, Diouf proposed setting up a network of 400 to 500 food and agriculture experts to provide «science - based analysis» using the U.N Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change as a model.

The estimations of their occurrence in the future climate is based on the occurrence of their favorable environments in climate model simulations.

«This is a fantastic example of STEM - based science bringing together the ecological and climate modeling communities; two sectors which rarely work hand - in - hand,» said Prof Pitman.

The ice sheets themselves are the biggest challenge for climate modelling since we don't have direct evidence of the many of the key processes that occur at the ice sheet base (for obvious reasons), nor even of what the topography or conditions are at the base itself.

In summary the projections of the IPCC — Met office models and all the impact studies (especially the Stern report) which derive from them are based on specifically structurally flawed and inherently useless models.They deserve no place in any serious discussion of future climate trends and represent an enormous waste of time and money.As a basis for public policy their forecasts are grossly in error and therefore worse than useless.For further discussion and an estimate of the coming cooling see http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.com

Scientists are involved in the evaluation of global - scale climate models, regional studies of the coupled atmosphere / ocean / ice systems, regional severe weather detection and prediction, measuring the local and global impact of the aerosols and pollutants, detecting lightning from space and the general development of remotely - sensed data bases.

Some climate models suggest that, at current CO2 emissions levels, 80 percent of Arctic waters could prove corrosive to clams, pteropods and other species at the base of the polar food chain by 2060, the new statement said.

A recent paper by climate skeptic politician Viscount Christopher Monckton claimed scientists» model - based projections of climate change are overstated.

Finally it is not true, as implied on Page 12, that «sole reliance on models to the exclusion of observed behavior» is the basis of future climate prediction.

According to one study that looked at eight fuel aridity metrics in the Western U.S. and modeled climate change's effects on them, human - caused climate change accounted for about 55 percent of the observed increases in fuel aridity between 1979 and 2015 (Figure 6), and added an estimated 4.2 million hectares of forest fire area between 1984 and 2015.7 Based on all eight metrics, the Western U.S. experienced an average of 9 additional days per year of high fire potential due to climate change between 2000 and 2015, a 50 percent increase from the baseline of 17 days per year when looking back to 1979.