The projections are
based on climate models from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report.
The Finnish Meteorological Institute has participated in research to estimate,
based on climate model results and measurements, the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that can be released into the atmosphere without passing the climate warming limits set by the Paris Climate Agreement.
Our evaluation of a fossil fuel emissions limit is not
based on climate models but rather on observational evidence of global climate change as a function of global temperature and on the fact that climate stabilization requires long - term planetary energy balance.
«
Based on climate model studies and the history of the Earth the authors conclude that additional global warming of about 1 °C (1.8 °F) or more, above global temperature in 2000, is likely to be dangerous.»
I think that Jeff Trapp (at Purdue) has done some studies showing how vertical shear and buoyant energy (CAPE) may vary in the future
based on climate models, but even if the climate models were correct, we simply don't know how the change in the environment would affect tornado intensity.
The two maps below, produced for the study by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton, are
based on a climate model comparing the production of strong hurricanes in conditions mimicking the current climate (basically, average climate conditions from 1980 to 2006) with hurricane production in conditions simulating those projected for the final two decades of the century.
So what you are quoting as gospel is a Wikipedia calculation by some anonymous person, allegedly
based on a climate model's results... I think you might be a bit confused about the meaning of «evidence» that Judith said was missing.
In 1971, the Washington Post reported that research
based on climate modeling developed by NASA scientist James Hansen predicted that glaciers would cover much of the globe within 50 years — by 2021 — because of mankind's fossil - fuel dust blotting out the sun.
«Policies to «stop climate change» are
based on climate models that completely failed to predict the lack of warming for the past two decades.
Both of them are
based on climate model calculations adopted by IPCC without any due evidence in reality.
Faster plant growth due to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide may offset increased emissions from forest die - off in the tropics, asserts a new study
based on climate modeling.
Nor are they going to build dams and irrigation systems where none are now needed,
based on climate models.
This assumption is
based on climate model results that gave high climate sensitivity for doubling of CO2 by smoothing out all the oscillation in GMST before the 1970s and leaving untouched the warming phase of the oscillation since then and calling it man - made global warming as shown below.
Well come on we have climate skeptics all rushing about lapping up a study
based on a climate model.
But those projections were
based on climate model simulations that did not consider melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet and may, therefore, be too conservative.
lolwot: Well come on we have climate skeptics all rushing about lapping up a study
based on a climate model.
Estimates from proxy data1 (for example, based on sediment records) are shown in red (1800 - 1890, pink band shows uncertainty), tide gauge data in blue for 1880 - 2009,2 and satellite observations are shown in green from 1993 to 2012.3 The future scenarios range from 0.66 feet to 6.6 feet in 2100.4 These scenarios are not
based on climate model simulations, but rather reflect the range of possible scenarios based on other kinds of scientific studies.
«Lewis & Crok perform their own evaluation of climate sensitivity, placing more weight on studies using «observational data» than estimates of climate sensitivity
based on climate model analysis.»
The last point of contention I have with the «consensus» position is that all of the projected climate catastrophes are
based on climate model projections decades in the future.
Al Gore predicted this,
based on climate models, and he already has an option to open a Wall Street gondola concession.
Virtually all studies use a hydrological model driven by scenarios
based on climate model simulations, with a number of them using SRES - based scenarios (e.g., Hayhoe et al., 2004; Zierl and Bugmann, 2005; Kay et al., 2006a).
The reports related to the assessments are
based on climate model simulations.
Climate alarmism
based on climate models that don't work has so far cost the world $ 1.6 trillion in a misguided and ineffective effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The current proposition offered by climate alarmists is that if people who live in the more wealthy countries cut back their use of fossil fuels and therefore their human - caused CO2 emissions that the world can avoid the alleged catastrophic increases in temperatures
based on the climate models.
The expected ALL warming,
based on climate models only, is \ -LRB-[+0.74 \) K \ -LRB-, +0.86 \) K](90 % confidence interval).
Those results were
bases on a climate model developed by none other than James Hansen, incidentally.
Based on climate model studies and the history of the Earth, the Hansen and Sato conclude that additional global warming of about 1ºC (1.8 ºF) or more, above global temperature in 2000, is likely to be dangerous.
The papers referenced (3 in total) are
based on climate models, and observations from them.
Simply stated, this study again confirms that doomsday prognostications
based on climate model simulations have no relation to the actual Pacific island / atoll reality during periods of sea rise.
Weitzman also tells us here that the standard decision process,
based on climate models and realistic probabilities, is falling jelly - side - down.
One thing I notice by the way with Nic Lewis's argument is that the equation he uses is
based on climate models.
Their scenario B, which had climate forcing that turned out to be close to reality, led to four of the six dice sides being red early in the 21st century,
based on their climate model simulations.
Sime's results are
based on a climate model.
Not exact matches
It
modeled the implications for the company of a requirement for emissions to decline to levels consistent with a so - called «2 °C world» after 2030 and also looked at a number of alternative scenarios
based on divergent ranges in global growth and trade, geopolitics, technological innovation and responses to
climate change.
The two - year project, called Building
Climate Action Communities, will create a regional model of community - based climate change education programs, with a specific emphasis on moving people to
Climate Action Communities, will create a regional
model of community -
based climate change education programs, with a specific emphasis on moving people to
climate change education programs, with a specific emphasis
on moving people to action.
«This document presents science - driven predictions,
based on sophisticated
climate - change
models, regarding how we think bird distributions in Massachusetts might change during the next 30 years,» said Jon Atwood, Mass Audubon Director of Bird Conservation and a report author
Climate models are complex numerical
models based on physics that amount to hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of lines of computer code to
model Earth's past, present and future.
Meanwhile, the new study suggests the effect will intensify in the future with continued
climate change,
based on computer
models that attempt to project how rising temperatures would affect the Arctic's chemical reservoirs.
This is because the
models are
based on equations representing the best understanding of the physical processes that govern
climate, and in 2001 they were not fine - tuned to reproduce the most recent data.
These high - resolution projections,
based on global
climate models, predict when and where annual coral bleaching will occur.
In the study, scientists from the Potsdam -
based Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, and Harvard University show that sea surface temperatures reconstructed from
climate archives vary to a much greater extent
on long time scales than simulated by
climate models.
They used this data compilation to evaluate the quality of their regional atmospheric
climate model,
based on global
climate projections that included several scenarios of anticipated
climate change.
The study was
based on scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC) and
on the «Integrated
Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect» (IMAGE).
The results are
based on a number of independent
climate archives, as well as instrumental records, and hold up whilst applying a wide range of correction methods, which leads Laepple to believe that the problem lies more with the
models.
This critical question is addressed using simulations from
climate models based on projections of future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols.
The
model calculations, which are
based on data from the CLOUD experiment, reveal that the cooling effects of clouds are 27 percent less than in
climate simulations without this effect as a result of additional particles caused by human activity: Instead of a radiative effect of -0.82 W / m2 the outcome is only -0.60 W / m2.
When the weather -
based model developed at Rothamsted Research was used to predict how
climate change may affect the wheat crops, it was predicted that wheat flowering dates will generally be earlier and the incidence of the ear blight disease
on the wheat crops will substantially increase.
Professor Dan Lunt, from the School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute at the University of Bristol said: «Because
climate models are
based on fundamental scientific processes, they are able not only to simulate the
climate of the modern Earth, but can also be easily adapted to simulate any planet, real or imagined, so long as the underlying continental positions and heights, and ocean depths are known.»
To see whether this increase in crops has influenced the region's unusual weather, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge used computers to
model five different 30 - year
climate simulations,
based on data from 1982 to 2011.
Research reported earlier this year hinted that events in the stratosphere might directly affect the oceans, but those findings were
based on a single
climate model and a computer simulation that
modeled the stratosphere for a relatively short 260 years.