Sentences with phrase «based on chromosome»

To study it, ENCODE utilized two approaches based on chromosome confirmation capture (3C), in which physically interacting regions are cross-linked by formaldehyde, and isolated from non-interacting chromatin with restriction enzymes.

The synthetic chromosome is based on chromosome III from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but it is not an exact replica.

While screening 154 people with familial ALS, Shaw and his colleagues found four individuals in one family who shared the same mutation: a single changed base on chromosome 1.

Not exact matches

A person's sex refers to whether they are biologically male or female — an assignment given at birth based on physical characteristics, including chromosomes and reproductive organs.

As for me, I can easily dismiss the old - fashioned idea that, based on a pair of matching chromosomes, I have the responsibility to know how to make a soufflé.

When they looked more closely, they found that a 1.5 - million - base - pair sequence was duplicated on one copy of chromosome 17.

So team member Jaebum Kim, now at Konkuk University in Seoul, and colleagues wrote a sophisticated computer program that was able to reconstruct the original eutherian chromosomes based on what parts of the chromosomes are together today in those 19 species.

The new analysis, based on data assembled primarily by graduate student Yan - Jie Feng at Sun Yat - Sen University in Guangzhou, China, focused on the sequences of 95 genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus and how they changed over time.

Embryos are currently selected on the basis of appearance, while some 3 - day - old embryos are also screened using pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), in which a cell is removed from the embryo and the chromosomes examined by staining them using a technique called fluorescence - in - situ - hybridisation (FISH).

The most comprehensive of these, published in August by a Stanford team, analyzed men from nine widely spaced populations, covering 10 million bases (DNA letters) on their Y chromosomes.

After analyzing both scans together for DNA variants associated with differences between when each patient's movement - associated symptoms first appeared and when they would have been expected based on the number of CAG repeats, MGH CHGR investigator and lead author Jong - Min Lee, PhD, identified two locations on chromosome 15 where variants were significantly associated with either early or late symptom onset.

The team members narrowed their search to a region of about 1 million base pairs on chromosome 1.

King's team has narrowed the hunt to a region of just 300 000 base pairs on the chromosome.

«Based on what we know, the artificial chromosome is going to be the best way to modify the genome,» says Lee Silver, a professor of molecular biology and public policy at Princeton University.

On these five chromosomes scientists have identified some 26,000 genes made up of about 125 million base pairs.

Scientists have searched for the genetic basis of the two syndromes and have tracked most cases of both to defects on the same spot of the human genome, a stretch of DNA on chromosome 15.

He and colleagues reported last year in PLOS Genetics that they had tracked another speciation gene that interacts with PRDM9 to a stretch of 4 million DNA bases on the X chromosome.

And this is why the archaeologists turned to genetics, to retrieve a molecular sex identification based on X and Y chromosomes.

CEPH's «first - generation» map, assembled by hundreds of researchers and with financial support from the US National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, is based mainly on the relative positions of genes on chromosomes.

Indeed, based on the experience with chromosomes 21 and 22, the only ones finished so far, «we arrive at less than 40,000» for the entire genome, said André Rosenthal of the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Jena, Germany.

* The MNS system is a human blood group system based on two genes — glycophorin A and glycophorin B — on chromosome 4.

Hamm performed his own chromosome squash with six juvenile monarchs — real ones given to him by Kansas - based Monarch Watch, a network of scientists, teachers, and volunteers that supports research on the butterfly.

The genetic construction of each individual is based on the genes contained in 46 chromosomes — each of which is selected at random from either the child's father or its mother.

In a chromosomal inversion, the order of the base pairs on the chromosome are reversed so the gene doesn't express properly and the sufferer lacks the blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene, which causes blood to clot in healthy people.

The case for the all - conquering Africans is based mainly on studies of the Y chromosome and the mitochondrion, an energy - generating structure within the cell that has its own small genome and passes down the female line.

With little knowledge of the roles that the Y chromosome genes play in fertility, most animal breeders and farmers select bulls based on physical characteristics, such as the size of the testis.

Partly based on his MIT Ph.D. thesis research performed in yeast, Sheltzer suspects aneuploidy causes errors in DNA replication, as well as problems with chromosome segregation during cell division.

Ancestry tests performed by companies may examine the Y chromosome (when the submitter is a man) to study paternal heritage, the mitochondrial DNA for maternal heritage, and, in some cases, such as the Mountainview, California - based company 23andme, they look for specific patterns of variation on other chromosomes, too.

Cells isolated from lungs of infected animals exhibited relatively stable aneuploid phenotypes and were found to retain their aneuploid chromosome in 70 — 80 % of isolates based on multiplex PCR [20 isolates were analyzed from each strain, 15 were aneuploid for MN35 (75 %), 16 for MN55 (80 %), 14 for MN77 (70 %), and 15 for MN89 (75 %)(Figure S9)-RSB-.

Horvath says the method is twice as accurate as the next best method of determining tissue age, which is based on the length of telomeres — the caps of chromosomes, which «burn down» with age like candle wicks.

We calculated the fetal DNA concentrations based on the percentage chromosome Y values among the 39 male fetuses with trisomy 21 and plotted them against the chromosome 21 z scores (shown in appendix 5 on bmj.com).

We then determined the fetal DNA concentrations of 314 pregnancies with euploid male fetuses based on the percentage chromosome Y values obtained from the 8 - plex protocol.

For decades, scientists had known the genetic «neighborhood» of the mutation causing MCKD1, a 2 - million - base region on chromosome 1, but the specific mutation had remained elusive.

Davis was able to analyze the resulting data on a chromosome - by - chromosome basis, along with the frequency of the identified variants and the function of variants associated with each condition.

The exome sequences of 1,535 Kronos and 1,200 Cadenza mutants have been re-sequenced using Illumina next - generation sequencing, the raw data aligned to the IWGSC Chinese Spring chromosome arm survey sequence, mutations identified, and their effects predicted based on the protein annotation available at the Ensembl Plants archive site.

PARENTAL GUIDANCE RULES: Maternally methylated (red dots) and paternally methylated (blue dots) regions across the human autosomal chromosomes, based on studies of uniparental disomy samples

We have re-sequenced the exome of 1,535 Kronos and 1,200 Cadenza mutants using Illumina next - generation sequencing, aligned this raw data to the IWGSC Chinese Spring chromosome arm survey sequence, identified mutations, and predicted their effects based on the protein annotation available at Ensembl Plants.

ONE - PARENT SAMPLE SET PARENTAL GUIDANCE RULES: Maternally methylated (red dots) and paternally methylated (blue dots) regions across the human autosomal chromosomes, based on studies of uniparental disomy samplesGENOME RES, 24:554 - 69, 2014 RESEARCHERS Kazuhiko Nakabayashi, Division Chief, Department of Maternal - Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; David Monk, Principal Investigator, Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research ORGANISM Human METHODS Bisulfite - seq; bisulfite - chip Methylation is typically associated with the silencing of the nonexpressed allele, making it a convenient marker for imprinted genes, though it's possible for patterns of differential methylation to exist in tissues where both alleles are expressed.

«More than 60 genes involved in various processes of heterocyst formation and nitrogen fixation were assigned to the chromosome based on their similarity to the reported genes,» Kaneko's team writes in Genome Research.

With lizards, sex is differentiated in two ways: on the basis of chromosome pairs (XY and ZW) and on the basis of a temperature - sensitive system (which is to say that sex is determined by temperature).

Dr Linus Girdland - Flink, who is based at LJMU's School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, and senior author of the study, comments: «Previous studies on the Guanches have relied on single genetic markers, such as mitochondrial DNA and Y - chromosomes.

Differentiation appears most pronounced on the sex chromosomes and in centromeric regions, albeit based on limited and biased genomic sampling.

The potential function of approximately 60 percent of the 3,744 proteins encoded by chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis can be predicted based on their similarity to other proteins of known function in Arabidopsis or other organisms.

Protocols for the modification of BACs, BAC transgenesis production, and histology are available at the GENSAT website; a complete description of the procedure can be found in «A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on bacterial artificial chromosomes», Nature.

When the researchers sequenced the samples for genetic mutations and analyzed chromosome structure, they could trace the tumors» evolutionary histories, much as evolutionary biologists trace the origins of organisms back to their common ancestors based on fossils deposited in different geologic eras.

While the Anopheline Y had previously been implicated in male mating behavior, recent data from the Anopheles gambiae complex suggests that, apart from the putative primary sex - determiner, no other genes are conserved on the Y. Studying the functional basis of the evolutionary divergence of the Y chromosome in the gambiae complex is complicated by complete F1 male hybrid sterility.

Orientin and vicenin are two water - soluble flavonoids that have been of particular interest in basil, and in studies on human white blood cells; these components of basil protect cell structures as well as chromosomes from radiation and oxygen - based damage.

An ensemble featuring Sandra Bullock, Cate Blanchett, Rihanna, Sarah Paulson, Mindy Kaling and up - and - comer Awkwafina would seem to have something for everyone, provided your enjoyment of movies isn't entirely based on the predominant presence of XY chromosomes.

The population of chromosomes used in the case of plant strategy (based on Grime et al., 1995 [ch.

Students will match chromosomes based on three factors: (1) length, (2) position of centromere, and (3) G banding.