As it turns out, the RRSP is ideal if you're in a high tax bracket now and expect to end up with a solid middle - class retirement.
The tax situation is also difficult to assess since there are so many variables but the general rule is if you expect
you are in a higher tax bracket now than you will be at retirement, then you are better off going with the standard 401 (k).
For these accounts, the gamble is this: do you think you're going to
be in a higher tax bracket now or later.
There are tax advantages to deferring income if
you are in a high tax bracket now.
Not exact matches
But
now there
are four capital gains rates
in effect: 0 percent for those
in the lowest two
brackets, 15 percent for middle - income taxpayers, 18.8 percent for those
in the 15 percent
bracket who also owe the 3.8 percent Medicare
tax, and 23.8 percent for
high - income earners who pay the 20 percent capital gains rate plus the 3.8 percent Medicare
tax.
Typically, if you
're young and
in a lower earnings
bracket than you expect to
be later
in life, a Roth may make sense — you'll forgo
tax deductions
now, but later, when you
're in a
higher bracket, you won't pay
taxes on distributions.
And
now that our careers
are going, we
're looking at maxing out two traditional 401Ks and two Roth IRAs this year, and we see the Roth IRA portion as a small hedge against rising future
tax rates (or what I think
is a bit more likely to happen —
tax brackets that don't keep pace with inflation, so keep sucking
in more and more people to
higher brackets).
If you believe your
tax rate
is lower
now than it will
be when you start taking withdrawals, a conversion may look promising because you'll pay conversion
taxes while you
're in a lower
tax bracket and enjoy
tax - free Roth IRA withdrawals later (when the
higher tax bracket won't matter).
If you really need a
tax break
now because your income and
tax brackets are high, and you think that they will
be lower
in the future, then the 401k may
be the one to max out first.
But low postdoc salaries mean you will (hopefully)
be in a
higher tax bracket when you retire than you
are now.
If you believe your
tax rate
is lower
now than it will
be when you start taking withdrawals, a conversion may look promising because you'll pay conversion
taxes while you
're in a lower
tax bracket and enjoy
tax - free Roth IRA withdrawals later (when the
higher tax bracket won't matter).
RRSP contributions
are also generally the better option if you fit the classic RRSP profile of saving for retirement while
being in a fairly
high bracket now and a lower
tax bracket in retirement.
On the other hand, if you
're in line for a promotion and expect to
be in a
higher tax bracket next year, it would make more sense to realize the entire gain
now, which would allow you to report it
in a year when you'll pay less
tax.
Paying
taxes now, as you do with a Roth IRA, protects you if you expect to
be in a
higher tax bracket when you retire.
And for the case of someone with no spare RRSP room and non-registered investments, there
's a similar dilemma of whether to realize the gains
now in a low
bracket, paying
tax now so you have less to continue investing, but resetting your cost basis
higher for the future.
If your wife
was going to
be in a
higher tax bracket in retirement — perhaps you have a large RRSP or defined benefit (DB) pension and can split your withdrawals with her
in retirement — drawing down her RRSP
now might make sense as well.
I think I understand your argument, BUT you make two assumptions and fail to note a third: 1 - Paying a 25 %
tax now if you think you will
be in a
higher bracket later, 2 - That
tax rates will remain stagnant or go down, 3 - failing to account for the other advantages of Roth accounts particularly for estate purposes.
The base case
is where you have some money and
are in a low
tax bracket now, but will
be in a
higher one soon.
Think you'll
be in a
higher tax bracket in retirement, or if you
're temporarily
in a lower
tax bracket now
AC: And
in some cases, we see people
in higher bracket markets because they have Social Security, maybe they have pensions, and maybe they did a good job saving, and
now their required minimum distributions push them into
higher brackets, and those
are folks that desperately would prefer or would have liked to have some
tax diversification.
Also, consider contributing to an IRA, ideally through a Roth account — you'll pay
taxes now on contributions but withdraw
tax - free later when you might
be in a
higher tax bracket.
The Roth IRA assumes you
are going to retire
in a
higher tax bracket as you build wealth and allows you to pay
taxes on the money you invest
now.
If you
're in the top
tax bracket and every gain
now leads to
high theft (uh,
taxes), then it may
be wise to offset gains with losses from dead - beat stocks (ones that you want to get rid of anyway).
For someone that
is closer
in age to retirement and
in a
higher tax bracket now, a Roth IRA
is less attractive than it
is for you.
Say, if I
'm putting money
in some index funds for 5 years, and
in 5 years I'll probably
be in a
higher tax bracket than
now.
Many people argue
in favor of the Roth because they assume they'll
be in a
higher tax bracket in retirement than they
're in right
now.
There
is a good possibility that I will
be in a
higher tax bracket at retirement, so I'll pay the
taxes now.
On the other hand, if you
're in a low
tax bracket today, you might consider a Roth
now, when a lowering of your gross income will not
be as significant a
tax benefit as it might
be later on, if you find yourself
in a
higher bracket.
We
are going to
be in a
higher tax bracket when I retire because of both of our pensions (and SS, rental income)-- so it makes sense to get our money out
now and use it to live and pay off rental properties for even more cash flow.
If you
're in the classic case where RRSPs work best — you earn a fairly
high income
now but expect to
be in a lower
tax bracket in retirement — RRSPs beat the
tax benefits from your CPP contributions hands down.
Conversely, those who
are in the
highest tax bracket are now paying a
higher rate of
taxes, have less disposable income, and may see their guideline amounts decrease.
Therefore, you'd rather your contributions
be taxed now,
in a lower
tax bracket, and not have to worry about it when you
're older and likely paying
higher taxes.
This means you don't pay income
tax on this money
now, while you
're likely
in a
higher income
bracket.