GF mice have
been shown to have increased plasma tryptophan concentrations, 47, 48 which can
be normalized following post-weaning colonization.47 Resident gut bacteria can utilize tryptophan
for growth229 and
in some cases, production of indole, 230, 231 or serotonin (reviewed by O'Mahony and colleagues95), while the microbiota might also affect tryptophan availability by influencing host enzymes responsible for its degradation.47 By limiting the availability of tryptophan for serotonin production in the CNS (EC - derived serotonin does not cross the BBB), the gut microbiota could influence serotonergic neurotransmission.95 In vulnerable populations, reducing the circulating concentrations of tryptophan has been shown to affect mood, and to reinstate depressive symptoms in patients who have successfully responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.232, 233 The gut microbiota could also influence the production of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic components of the kynurenine pathway.2
in some cases, production of indole, 230, 231 or serotonin (reviewed by O'Mahony and colleagues95), while the microbiota might also affect tryptophan availability by influencing
host enzymes responsible
for its degradation.47 By limiting the availability of tryptophan
for serotonin production
in the CNS (EC - derived serotonin does not cross the BBB), the gut microbiota could influence serotonergic neurotransmission.95 In vulnerable populations, reducing the circulating concentrations of tryptophan has been shown to affect mood, and to reinstate depressive symptoms in patients who have successfully responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.232, 233 The gut microbiota could also influence the production of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic components of the kynurenine pathway.2
in the CNS (EC - derived serotonin does not cross the BBB), the gut microbiota could influence serotonergic neurotransmission.95
In vulnerable populations, reducing the circulating concentrations of tryptophan has been shown to affect mood, and to reinstate depressive symptoms in patients who have successfully responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.232, 233 The gut microbiota could also influence the production of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic components of the kynurenine pathway.2
In vulnerable populations, reducing the circulating concentrations of tryptophan has
been shown to affect
mood, and to reinstate depressive symptoms
in patients who have successfully responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.232, 233 The gut microbiota could also influence the production of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic components of the kynurenine pathway.2
in patients who have successfully responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.232, 233 The gut microbiota could also influence the production of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic components of the kynurenine pathway.224
A lot of people have a tricky job to do on this Golden Globes weekend: the stylists pondering how to dress their clients
for a #MeToo red carpet, the E! producers figuring out how to strike the right
mood on a network people watch when they want to tune out all non-Kardashian realities, and Seth Meyers, the awards show's
host, who
is so aware of the limitations of a straight, white, male M.C.
in our newly awakened era that his late - night program has a regular segment called «Jokes Seth Can't Tell.»