These «aggregates» can comprise hundreds of thousands of cells, be up to 2 mm in diameter and be eight times more resistant to chemotherapy drugs — firstly
because hypoxic conditions are created inside the aggregates and secondly because these tumour cells reduce growth and are therefore less sensitive.
However, the offspring of these adults, when reared in
hypoxic conditions showed less ability to regulate their oxygen uptake and were significantly smaller than those of normoxic parents, potentially
because they were having to expend more energy simply to survive in those
conditions.