Some microbes merged with hydrogen - producing microbes (probably multi-functional ancestral mitochondria) to
become eukaryotes that later developed into multi-cellular «animals» that survive and breed in anoxic conditions, without oxygen (phylum Loricifera, which includes Spinoloricus at left — more).
Not exact matches
The advent of the nucleus — which differentiates
eukaryotes (organisms whose cells contain a true nucleus), including humans, from prokaryotes, such as bacteria — can not be satisfactorily explained solely by the gradual adaptation of prokaryotic cells until they
became eukaryotic.
Or consider the nuclear genes of the cells of advanced organisms (
eukaryotes): At some early point in their evolution, these cells gained the help of the genes of a parasite or symbiont that
became the mitochondrion, an organelle necessary for energy production.
It
became clear that the history of all
eukaryotes can not be reconstructed in any sensible tree based on one gene.
Such genes had thus far only been found in
eukaryotes, indicating that these archaea were somehow primed to
become complex.
Eric Wynter describes the internalisation of bacteria into proto -
eukaryotes to
become mitochondria as being «more unlikely, perhaps, than the appearance...
Eukaryotes became multicellular in the precambrian at the same time earth's oxygen levels were rising.
The prokaryotic cells that were too small to be digested continued to live inside the host
eukaryote, eventually
becoming dependent on the host cell for organic molecules and inorganic compounds.
With the sequencing and annotation of genomes and transcriptomes of several
eukaryotes, the importance of noncoding RNA (ncRNA)- RNA molecules that are not translated to protein products - has
become more evident.
Formed by the merger of fat - eating mitochondria with glucose - eating bacteria, single - celled
eukaryotes had to regulate their various metabolic pathways to keep themselves from
becoming too fatty or too lean (and to control the urge of mitochondria to eat their hosts!).