Now,
more than a
quarter of a
century later — during which time he settled in the US,
began collaborating with his wife Emilia, and acquired the status
of one
of the most important artists among former Soviet nonconformists — the tone and comportment
of his work has changed.
Both wetland drying and the increased frequency
of warm dry summers and associated thunderstorms have led to
more large fires in the last ten years
than in any decade since record - keeping
began in the 1940s.9 In Alaskan tundra, which was too cold and wet to support extensive fires for approximately the last 5,000 years, 105 a single large fire in 2007 released as much carbon to the atmosphere as had been absorbed by the entire circumpolar Arctic tundra during the previous
quarter -
century.106 Even if climate warming were curtailed by reducing heat - trapping gas (also known as greenhouse gas) emissions (as in the B1 scenario), the annual area burned in Alaska is projected to double by mid-
century and to triple by the end
of the
century, 107 thus fostering increased emissions
of heat - trapping gases, higher temperatures, and increased fires.