It is important to remember that there are positive steps parents can take to reduce the likelihood of emotional and
behavioural problems for their child.
Not exact matches
A recent, substantial, UK / US study, which controlled
for mothers» depression, found high levels of emotional and
behavioural problems in
children (particularly boys) aged 3.5 years associated with earlier depression in their fathers (Ramchandani et al, 2005).
• A substantial, UK / US study, which controlled
for mothers» depression and
for fathers» education levels, found severe postnatal depression in fathers associated with high levels of emotional and
behavioural problems in their
children (particularly boys) at age 3.5 years (Ramchandani et al, 2005) and at age 7 (Ramchandani & Stein, 2008).
More recent research suggests that both the quantity and quality of father -
child interactions during the early childhood years can lead to fewer
behavioural problems, greater emotional self - regulation, increased language development and improved cognitive functioning
for young
children.
For example,
children who come from orphanages may have suffered neglect and may have developmental delays or
behavioural problems.
Behavioural problems in
children are costly
for both families and society.
Indeed, many consider the development of emotional self - regulation in particular to be one of the key processes in childhood behaviour
problems.27, 28,29,30
For example, in characterizing the behaviour of children with early externalizing behaviour problems, there is often reference to a lack of control, under - control, or poor regulation.29, 30 In characterizing the behaviour of children with internalizing disorders, there is often a discussion of over - control.12 Understanding the role of temperament in child development may be facilitated by examining the possible mediational effects of emerging self and emotion regulation, and may provide a more proximal mechanism for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childho
For example, in characterizing the behaviour of
children with early externalizing behaviour
problems, there is often reference to a lack of control, under - control, or poor regulation.29, 30 In characterizing the behaviour of
children with internalizing disorders, there is often a discussion of over - control.12 Understanding the role of temperament in
child development may be facilitated by examining the possible mediational effects of emerging self and emotion regulation, and may provide a more proximal mechanism
for the development of different forms of behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childho
for the development of different forms of
behavioural adjustment difficulties characteristic of childhood.
CAPSLE schools were compared with schools receiving no intervention and those using only School Psychiatric Consultation (SPC) where
children with the most significant
behavioural problems were assessed and referred
for counselling.
These strategies are especially important when
children are at risk
for future
behavioural and / or social - emotional
problems.
Cochrane review:
behavioural and cognitive -
behavioural group - based parenting programmes
for early - onset conduct
problems in
children aged 3 to 12 years (Review).
A small number of secondary prevention programs
for fathers of young children have been conducted and evaluated.18 For example, Parent — Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a short - term, evidence - based, training intervention for parents dealing with preschool children who display behavioural problems was evaluated in the Netherlands using a quasi-experimental design.19 The results showed a large effect on fathers» reports of child behaviour problems at the completion of the interventi
for fathers of young
children have been conducted and evaluated.18
For example, Parent — Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a short - term, evidence - based, training intervention for parents dealing with preschool children who display behavioural problems was evaluated in the Netherlands using a quasi-experimental design.19 The results showed a large effect on fathers» reports of child behaviour problems at the completion of the interventi
For example, Parent —
Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a short - term, evidence - based, training intervention for parents dealing with preschool children who display behavioural problems was evaluated in the Netherlands using a quasi-experimental design.19 The results showed a large effect on fathers» reports of child behaviour problems at the completion of the interven
Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a short - term, evidence - based, training intervention
for parents dealing with preschool children who display behavioural problems was evaluated in the Netherlands using a quasi-experimental design.19 The results showed a large effect on fathers» reports of child behaviour problems at the completion of the interventi
for parents dealing with preschool
children who display
behavioural problems was evaluated in the Netherlands using a quasi-experimental design.19 The results showed a large effect on fathers» reports of
child behaviour problems at the completion of the interven
child behaviour
problems at the completion of the intervention.
The study shows that
children who had been exposed to paracetamol
for more than 28 days of pregnancy had poorer gross motor skills, poor communication skills and more
behavioural problems compared with unexposed siblings.
Maria Quigley of Oxford University's National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, who led the study, said: «We found that
children who were breastfed
for at least four months were less likely to have
behavioural problems at age five.»
Interventions
for parents of
children with
behavioural problems may reduce parental depressive symptoms and improve outcomes
for their
children.
There are also benefits
for children with
behavioural problems, as Techknowledge
for Schools has found the use of mobile technology made them more motivated to work.
Childhood experiences and exposure to risks
for poor mental health make some
children especially vulnerable to both emotional and
behavioural problems.
In one video, Lisa, the mother of SEN pupil Nathan, describes how her
child had an extremely difficult time at primary school, outlining
behavioural problems which the school simply deemed as «misbehaving», rather than attempting to provide support
for Nathan's real
problems.
Many of these
children will go on to attend Pupil Referral Units (PRUs), which have the challenging task of delivering an academic curriculum
for pupils with complex learning and social needs, many of who have extreme
behavioural problems.
It might be the first time that police have become involved, but the parents have been struggling with
behavioural issues or substance abuse
problems by the
child for some time.
The Behaviour Clinic at the Centre
for Community
Child Health was established to support
children with significant
behavioural and emotional
problems, which effect their everyday family, school and social life.
This attendance gap is well recognised in the literature and exists in spite of targeted interventions that span a number of decades.30 This significant gap has been attributed to several factors, including greater family mobility, social and cultural reasons
for absence, the higher rate of emotional and
behavioural problems in Aboriginal
children, the intergenerational legacy of past practices of exclusion of Aboriginal
children from schools, and its impact on shaping family and community values regarding the importance of attending school in Indigenous families compared with non-Indigenous families.6 7 31 Additional socioeconomic and school factors differed slightly between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous cohorts.
It incorporates key measures of childhood background — including socioeconomic deprivation, family disruption, housing tenure and parental interest in the
child's education — and powerful measures of developmental
problems for the
child — including low birth weight, health difficulties, low cognitive performance and
behavioural difficulties.
Secondary outcomes: other related
behavioural and emotional
problems (
Children's Depression Inventory; State - Trait Anxiety Inventory
for Children;
Children's Attributions and Perceptions Scale).
Trauma focused cognitive
behavioural therapy is significantly better than
child centred therapy
for post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional, and
behavioural problems in sexually abused
children.
The process of non-voluntary immigration, transitioning and acculturating to a new country may have a negative impact on the mental health of immigrants.1 — 3 Postmigration factors (eg, stress, lack of social capital, social isolation and loss of social network) as well as acculturation
problems and experiences of discrimination in the host country affect the mental health of the parents and the
children.4 5 Moreover, immigrant parents face challenges concerning their role and responsibilities as parents while adjusting to the host country, all of which tend to create stress in parenting.1 3 6 The mental health
problems of parents have been reported to be a risk factor
for children's
behavioural problems and may negatively affect the parent —
child attachment and their relationship.7 8 Studies have also shown that parents with mental health
problems have a low perceived sense of competence in parenting and may lack the ability to employ positive parenting practises.9 10
A similar relationship was noted in the Western Australian Aboriginal
Child Health Survey where an independent association between the number of dietary indicators met and a child's odds of experiencing emotional or behavioural problems was demonstrated.5 Other research with Australian adolescents has also demonstrated an association between dietary quality and mental health, even after controlling for socioeconomic status and a range of individual and family - level characteristics.41, 42 It appears that a more detailed exploration of the link between diet and mental health among Aboriginal children is warra
Child Health Survey where an independent association between the number of dietary indicators met and a
child's odds of experiencing emotional or behavioural problems was demonstrated.5 Other research with Australian adolescents has also demonstrated an association between dietary quality and mental health, even after controlling for socioeconomic status and a range of individual and family - level characteristics.41, 42 It appears that a more detailed exploration of the link between diet and mental health among Aboriginal children is warra
child's odds of experiencing emotional or
behavioural problems was demonstrated.5 Other research with Australian adolescents has also demonstrated an association between dietary quality and mental health, even after controlling
for socioeconomic status and a range of individual and family - level characteristics.41, 42 It appears that a more detailed exploration of the link between diet and mental health among Aboriginal
children is warranted.
Standard psychotherapy involved evidence - based manualised treatments: Coping Cat cognitive
behavioural therapy (CBT) protocol
for anxiety (16 — 20 sessions); Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training CBT protocol
for depression (10 — 15 sessions); or Defiant
Children behavioural parent training
for conduct
problems (10 steps).
Again, such needs would include consistent, responsible parenting and increased external controls
for children and young people who were presenting with
problem - solving, anger control and a range of other learning, psychosocial and
behavioural problems.
For the parent report version of the SDQ used in the current study, the new four - band classification system for total difficulties scores is as follows: 0 — 13 «close to average», 14 — 16 «slightly raised», 17 — 19 «high» and above 19 «very high».17 For the purposes of analysis, we considered that all children with a total difficulties score below the threshold for high risk of emotional or behavioural problems (< 17) had «good» mental health.18 — 20 The SDQ has previously been found to be acceptable, 21 reliable and valid22 among the SEARCH coho
For the parent report version of the SDQ used in the current study, the new four - band classification system
for total difficulties scores is as follows: 0 — 13 «close to average», 14 — 16 «slightly raised», 17 — 19 «high» and above 19 «very high».17 For the purposes of analysis, we considered that all children with a total difficulties score below the threshold for high risk of emotional or behavioural problems (< 17) had «good» mental health.18 — 20 The SDQ has previously been found to be acceptable, 21 reliable and valid22 among the SEARCH coho
for total difficulties scores is as follows: 0 — 13 «close to average», 14 — 16 «slightly raised», 17 — 19 «high» and above 19 «very high».17
For the purposes of analysis, we considered that all children with a total difficulties score below the threshold for high risk of emotional or behavioural problems (< 17) had «good» mental health.18 — 20 The SDQ has previously been found to be acceptable, 21 reliable and valid22 among the SEARCH coho
For the purposes of analysis, we considered that all
children with a total difficulties score below the threshold
for high risk of emotional or behavioural problems (< 17) had «good» mental health.18 — 20 The SDQ has previously been found to be acceptable, 21 reliable and valid22 among the SEARCH coho
for high risk of emotional or
behavioural problems (< 17) had «good» mental health.18 — 20 The SDQ has previously been found to be acceptable, 21 reliable and valid22 among the SEARCH cohort.
Along with variation in the ages of
children studied and the different contexts in which research has been conducted, different definitions and thresholds
for what constitutes «
problems», or constitutes them at clinical or concerning levels, have produced very different estimates of the number of
children with emotional or
behavioural difficulties.
In keeping with other research, 30
children in foster care, who make up around 8 % of the cohort, were found to be a particularly vulnerable group with almost half meeting criteria
for high risk of emotional or
behavioural problems.
A confluence of research has identified executive functioning deficits as a common characteristic of individuals with FASD.9 15 — 27 Damage to neurological structures, including the prefrontal regions of the brain, is a significant hypothesised cause
for these deficits.28 29 Executive functions are defined as a set of cognitive processes responsible
for orchestrating purposeful, goal - directed behaviour.15 30 31 These processes are responsible
for the ability to plan, organise, attend,
problem solve and inhibit responses.31 It is also suggested that the ability to self - regulate emotional responses and
behavioural actions is interrelated with the construct of executive functioning.17 28 32 Deficits in executive functioning and self - regulation can lead to learning and
behavioural problems that impact a
child's educational outcomes as they struggle to cope with the complex demands of school life.16 20
Family structure — single motherhood in particular — has been identified in a number of studies as an important correlate of
children's
behavioural and social adjustment.18 Substance abuse, 19 genetic differences, 20 and exposure to early trauma21 are other possible factors that may account
for the link between low family incomes and
children's
behavioural problems.
Behavioural problems in
children are costly
for both families and society.
Victims of abuse are at high risk
for poor health, related not only to the physical trauma they have endured, but also to high rates of other social risk factors associated with poor health.22 Abused
children have high rates of growth
problems, untreated vision and dental
problems, infectious diseases, developmental delay, mental health and
behavioural problems, early and risky sexual behaviours, and other chronic illnesses, but
child welfare and health care systems historically have not addressed the health needs of dependent
children.23 - 33 Compared to
children in foster care, maltreated
children who remain at home exhibit similarly high rates of physical, developmental and mental health needs.34
Regarding interventions commencing at preschool age, two programs had the best balance of evidence
for reducing internalising
problems.25 In Canada, a brief (three month) psycho - educational group - based program tested in a controlled trial with parents of
children exhibiting
behavioural problems was found to also reduce
child anxiety.
A handful of
child outcome studies have attempted to distinguish the effect of family income from the effects of other aspects of family life, such as parental education, that may differ between poor and non-poor families.2 - 3, 8, 11 - 13 Overall, statistical controls
for correlated aspects of family socioeconomic status produce either very small or no significant net associations between family income and
children's
behavioural problems.
Statistical controls
for children's prior
problem behaviour reduce the effects of low family income on
children's
behavioural problems by about half.3 - 8
That 2014 evaluation determined that a number of health outcomes
for children and parents changed at the population level, including a 37.5 per cent drop in the numbers of
children experiencing clinically elevated levels of social, emotional and
behavioural problems.
The JFS evaluation, conducted by consultant Susan Hedges, shows uniformly large effect sizes
for children in the clinical range of social, emotional and
behavioural problems with the majority of these
children moving into the normal range after their parents participated in Group Triple P.
A controlled clinical evaluation of the Parents Plus
Children's Programme: A video - based programme for parents of children with behavioural and developmental p
Children's Programme: A video - based programme
for parents of
children with behavioural and developmental p
children with
behavioural and developmental
problems.
Loughry and Flouri (2001)
for example, investigated the
behavioural and emotional
problems of 455 former unaccompanied refugee
children and youth aged between 10 and 22, three to four years after their repatriation to Vietnam from refugee centres in Hong Kong and South East Asia.
In this pilot study a randomised control trial was used to examine the effects of a school - based engagement intervention on parent adherence to recommendations
for children screened
for social, emotional,
behavioural, and adaptive
problems at kindergarten entry.
Professor Prinz argues that the parenting - focused aspects of
child maltreatment prevention can extend beyond the original goal, including the prevention of childhood social, emotional, and
behavioural problems; the reduction of risk
for adverse adolescent outcomes (such as substance use, delinquency and academic failure); and parental engagement
for school readiness.
If their
children have an emotional or
behavioural problem, parents frequently turn to teachers
for help.
A pre and post community study of the PPEY programme delivered in highly disadvantaged junior schools (Kilroy, Sharry, Flood & Guerin, 2011) showed that a significant number of the 40 parents enrolled in the programme reported high levels of
behavioural and emotional
problems in their
children pre-intervention (23 % in the clinical range) suggesting the high need
for these supports.
While change occurred across a range of
child and parent outcomes, the largest improvements came following Group Triple P
for children in the clinical range
for conduct
problems and social, emotional and
behavioural concerns, and
for parents» whose self - reports placed them at clinical levels of depression.
Service use by Australian
children for emotional and
behavioural problems: Findings from the second Australian
Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.
Triple P is a multilevel, evidence - based parenting and family support strategy designed to prevent
behavioural, emotional and developmental
problems in
children (or halt their progression and reduce their severity) and provide support
for parents and families.
She has been involved with the Exploring Together program
for nine years, running groups with
children, parents and teachers, training professionals to help
children with emotional and
behavioural problems, and helping to develop programs
for parents,
children, and adolescents.