The Arctic ice cap melted to hundreds of thousands of square miles
below average this summer.
The darkened surface was due to
below average summer snow, soot particles from pollution and forest fires, and record melting.
Not exact matches
The
average temperature in the Tamar Valley in the northeast of the state is around 17 degrees celsius, peaking at 22 degrees in the
summer — well
below the Barossa's typical
summer spike into the upper 30s.
But Arctic sea ice has been consistently
below the long - term
average since 2003 and the
summer melts of 2007, 2008 and 2009 were the three largest melts recorded.
Water vapor and clouds may play a role The Arctic's
summer ice cover hit a record low in 2007, when it dipped about 40 percent
below the
average ice cover recorded since 1979, when scientists began monitoring the region with satellites.
In a better world, it would be the big news of the year just to report that Arctic sea ice shrank to 4.14 million square kilometers this
summer, well
below the 1981 — 2010
average of 6.22 million square kilometers (SN Online: 9/19/16).
Still, sea ice is far
below the long - term
average and stands to rank among the lowest years on record at its end - of -
summer nadir.
This area came in just under 2015's maximum of 5.605 million square miles (the NSIDC slightly revised its numbers last
summer, so 2015's maximum actually ranks lower than 2016) and 471,000 square miles
below the 1981 - 2010
average, an area larger than California and Texas combined.
The Antarctic
summer minimum was 813,000 square miles, or 900,000 square miles
below the 1981 - 2010
average and 71,000 square miles
below the previous record low set in 1997.
The report lists 30 cities that face increased health risks from heat waves worsened by global warming, based on a combination of four factors:
average number of
summer days with «oppressive»
summer heat, the percentage of households without central air conditioning, ground - level ozone levels, and the percentage of households
below the poverty line.
ANN ARBOR — A University of Michigan researcher and his colleagues are forecasting a slightly
below -
average but still significant «dead zone» this
summer in the Chesapeake Bay, the nation's largest estuary.
The
summer CEI was above
average in the Southwest, South, and Ohio Valley, but
below average in the Upper Midwest and Northeast.
Below -
average summer precipitation fell across the Northwest and Southeast.
Much
below average snowfall and snowpack was observed across the West, which exacerbated the drought and wildfire season during
summer and autumn.
By February, the snow cover extent was
below average, which continued into early
summer.
We labeled the top 20 % of the
summers as much above
average and the bottom 20 % of the years as much
below average.
Summer minimums have been running well
below the 1981 - 2010
average as well.
Hispanic elementary - school students are still reading
below par, but they seem to be edging up quickly toward the national
average, according to an analysis conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (naep) and released this
summer.
This
summer's provisional GCSE results show 15 local authorities in the North West, North East and Yorkshire and Humber performing
below the national
average GCSE benchmark.
Will Self's lament for the death of the novel earlier this
summer has been cast into stark relief by «shocking» new statistics which show that the number of authors able to make a living from their writing has plummeted dramatically over the last eight years, and that the
average professional author is now making well
below the salary required to achieve the minimum acceptable living standard in the UK.
The
average water temperature never dips
below 22 °C in winter, with an
average of a toasty 29 °C during
summer.
The weather is divine year round, with
average highs of the mid-80s in
summer, and rarely dipping
below 60 in the winter, with a rainy season occurring in the latter half of the calendar year.
But all of the 15 teams offering projections say ice extent will remain well
below the
average for the last quarter century and a downward trend in
summer ice around the North Pole has not abated.
But, he also says: «teams offering projections say ice extent will remain well
below the
average for the last quarter century and a downward trend in
summer ice around the North Pole has not abated,» and we readers are then linked to his October, 2007 article and an August, 2007 image of a «warmed over» Artic.
Satellite measurements revealed there was a minimum of 4.6 million sq km of Arctic ice last
summer, well
below the long - term
average but above the record low in 2012 of 3.6 million sq km.
Arbetter, 4.7, Statistical A statistical model using regional observations of sea ice area and global NCEP air temperature, sea level pressure, and freezing degree day estimates continues the trend of projecting
below -
average summer sea ice conditions for the Arctic.
The
summer temperatures in 1816
averaged just a few degrees
below normal, but as mentioned, it frosted throughout the
summer.
Scientists began taking records of albedo on Greenland in 2000, and 2014 saw the record low for August and the second lowest
average albedo for the
summer, which you can see in the graphs
below.
-0,7 ºC open count; NOAA: «A majority of ENSO forecasts indicate slightly
below average SSTs in the central equatorial Pacific through Northern Hemisphere
Summer 2009.
2014 - 2015... The Ithaca Voice (Author): • This could be warmest day in Ithaca since October 29 • A look ahead at Ithaca weather; temps this month are 7 degrees
below average • Sub-freezing temps to bring light snow / sleet to Ithaca • Light snow in Ithaca area expected as temperatures drop to 20s • Cool, wet week ahead for Ithaca • Ithaca can expect mild temperatures well above normal this week • Update: Severe thunderstorm watch issued for Ithaca • Above -
average temperatures expected for Ithaca for early October • Why has the weather this
summer been so amazing?
«Over the last 1010 yr, the LD
summer sea salt (LDSSS) record has exhibited two
below -
average (El Niño — like) epochs, 1000 — 1260 ad and 1920 — 2009 ad, and a longer above -
average (La Niña — like) epoch from 1260 to 1860 ad.
While utilization rises in the
summer, the
average natural gas plant capacity factor remains
below 70 percent in the
summer months of 2015.
With regard to precipitation anomalies in
summer, ERA - Interim shows above
average rainfall for Greece and the west of Turkey, whereas E-OBS indicates that these areas are
below average.
«Arctic minimum sea ice extent at the end of
summer was tied with 2007 for the second - lowest amount during the satellite record starting in 1979, at 33 percent
below the long - term
average.»
Those dryer
summers — particularly at a time of overall warming — could be a major concern, because
below -
average rainfall naturally increases the probability and duration of forest fires.
23 Polar Climate
Average temperature of the warmest month is
below 10ºC (50ºF) Little precipitation falls Winters = extremely cold
Summer = cool Two Types Tundra Ice Caps
17 Humid Mid-Latitude Climate with Mild Winters Mild winters with an
average temperature in the coldest month that is
below 18ºC (64.4 ºF) but above -3 ºC (26.6 ºF) Three Types Humid Subtropical Marine West Coast Dry
Summer Subtropical
During austral
summer (DJF), Australia saw a strong dipole in temperatures, with the west of the continent having temperatures much
below average and the east much above
average.
This was no problem for the yearly
averages, as these are near identical for the overlapping period, but
summer temperatures of Egedesminde show a constant bias of 3 C
below Illulisat temperatures.
Right now a bunch of the deniers are predicting that Aug 2010 to Aug 2011 will have much
below average temperatures; if they are proved right, it will be incorrect to say «That shows AGW is not happening»; and it is not right to say now that this
summer is definitive proof of AGW
The
average surface air temperature for the year ending September 2017 is the 2nd warmest since 1900; however, cooler spring and
summer temperatures contributed to a rebound in snow cover in the Eurasian Arctic, slower
summer sea ice loss, and
below -
average melt extent for the Greenland ice sheet.
Yet by
summer's end, the ice extent and area were both far
below «normal», if you take «normal» to mean within one or two standard deviations of the 1979 - whenever
average (different groups use different end dates for «whenever»).
Summer was characterized by climatologically normal low pressure over the Arctic Ocean (Figure 3a), which limited heat import from the south and resulted in
average to
below normal temperatures over much of the Ocean (Figure 3b).
During spring and
summer the sea ice area was
below the 1981 - 2010
average, but not exceptionally so.
Median expected household income growth fell slightly compared to last month (from 2.3 percent to 2.2 percent), remaining well
below its 2015
average of 2.7 percent and reaching a value not seen since the
summer of 2014.