Sentences with phrase «below surface»

«We had a vessel 2 kilometres away and we shouldn't have felt it, because it was detonated below the surface,» says Horsfield.

The deposit Nautilus plans to mine, called Solwara 1, lies on the north slope of North Su, an active volcano, and it is less than a mile below the surface.

Sensitive to tiny variations in the gravitational tug of the moon, GRAIL mapped density variations below the surface (because regions of higher density produce slightly higher gravitational forces).

Seeking to better understand the composition of the lowermost part of Earth's mantle, located nearly 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles) below the surface, a team of Arizona State University researchers has developed new simulations that depict the dynamics of deep Earth.

Trapped methane could be evidence of microbial life — ongoing or long ago — below the surface.

One reason the Tuesday quake, which subjected some three million people to «severe shaking,» was so damaging is that it occurred at a relatively shallow depth, the fault having ruptured about 10 kilometers below the surface, Blanpied noted.

Another approach operates at the bottom of New York City's East River, where in 2006 Verdant Power, Inc., planted six windmill - like turbines — each 16 feet (five meters) in diameter — 30 feet (nine meters) below the surface and churning at a peak rate of 32 revolutions per minute to transform strong tidal forces into electricity.

So when those lumps of fuel are pulled from deep below the surface in northern China or exposed by a blast of dynamite on an Appalachian mountaintop, invisible plumes of methane gas seep out, as well.

The detection of magnetic fields is carried out with the help of a so called nitrogen vacancy center (NV), located approximately 10 nanometers below the surface of the diamond tip.

The images show the conduit supplying mud to Lusi is connected to the magma chambers of the nearby Arjuno - Welirang volcanic complex through a system of faults 6 kilometers (4 miles) below the surface.

In the coming weeks we will venture far from this camp, using ice - penetrating radar to map the landscape half a mile below the surface of the ice.

The researchers used a small boat to tow an array of underwater microphones, called hydrophones, about 2 meters below the surface and recorded the sounds of individual dolphins identified by their dorsal fins.

Satellite remote sensing can't see below the surface to discern the depth of the seafloor or study the layers of water.

However, if the deformation extends far past the sinkhole boundaries, InSAR could continue to track surface movement caused by changes below the surface.

They work more than 1,700 feet (520 meters) below the surface, knocking ore into remote - controlled loaders in a tunnel nearly 2,100 feet (640 meters) belowground.

The new images penetrate to depths of about 200 to 250 miles (350 to 400 kilometers) below the surface cloud layer, Bolton said.

Whereas the nodules are scattered across the deep abyssal plains of the oceans, hundreds of miles from shore and typically three miles or more below the surface, many of the sulfide deposits are close to a coastline; also, they are always on undersea mountains and therefore located in much shallower water.

This process builds pressure by generating gas that becomes trapped below the surface.

Hlubik was inspired to investigate her site, part of a larger archaeological area known as Koobi Fora, because of reddened, bowl - shaped patches, about a meter below the surface, that were first identified in the 1970s and 1980s in a nearby part of Koobi Fora.

Further missions studied the Earth from above, such as one that used of a type of radar to probe below the surface — discovering ancient riverbeds beneath the Sahara Desert, for example.

In the mid-1990s, a lake containing 1,300 cubic miles of water (as much as Lake Michigan) was detected 12,000 feet below the surface of the ice in East Antarctica, beneath where the Russians had spent years drilling into the ice sheet to study its history.

Under the weight of the big cat, Yellowtail slipped below the surface.

• Get down low so that you are at eye level with the aluminum foil ball and quickly observe how much of the ball is below the surface of the water.

But Burger and his colleagues at the University of California at Davis are interested in what lies hidden below the surface.

Clays also tend to be found in and around large impact craters, where material from deep below the surface has been excavated.

He said he and his colleagues dig down as much as four meters below the surface to study the soil stratigraphy, chemistry and collect pollen and items for radiocarbon dating to understand how the sites evolved.

«Our study has shown that the key to this is much larger reservoirs deeper below the surface that are able to slowly increase the temperature in the upper part of the crust such that it becomes more amenable to the storage of magma.

The first inklingsof life far below the surface came in the 1920s, when a microbiologist and ageologist at the University of Chicago cultured anaerobic (non-oxygen-breathing) bacteria from Illinoisoil wells 2,000 feet deep.

Geodesists from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have prepared the measurement data mathematically in such a way that they can be used to resolve structures deep below the surface.

«While some of these may seem obvious, others lurk below the surface and aren't often spoken of.»

The water temperature variations typical of El Niño are not only at the surface of the equatorial Pacific, but below the surface as well.

Billions of tonnes of the greenhouse gas methane are trapped just below the surface of the East Siberian Arctic shelf.

This device, which rests on the seabed 4,000 meters below the surface, combines a pressure gauge to detect changes in the water level with an electromagnetometer.

In science news around the world this week, public health officials in South Wales are trying to contain a measles outbreak; questions are still spinning around the legality of a geoengineering experiment conducted last summer in international waters; a magnitude - 6.6 earthquake struck below the surface of Ya'an, China; and more.

The cylindrical bodies of the larvae are oriented head down, and they use two breathing tubes to stay oxygenated below the surface.

Cosmic rays can only penetrate about two to three meters below the surface, so the abundance of cosmic - ray - debris isotopes in rock indicates how long that rock has been on the surface.

A drill will take samples from 20 - 30 cm below the surface, feeding them to the onboard laboratory for analysis.

Radar satellites can detect the surface ripples produced by internal waves and the data collected allow researchers to calculate the speed of internal waves traveling below the surface.

The molten rock would have gathered in a chamber about 10 kilometres below the surface.

Originally an ESA - only lander mission, it was merged with NASA plans in 2009 and ended up as a two - craft mission: the first in 2016 will be an orbiter devoted to atmospheric sampling, followed by a large lander in 2018 which would have the capability to dig below the surface.

It hunts squid and fish, typically 50 m to 200 m below the surface, where the water is just 10 °C and colder.

It will capture features as small as a foot across, peer yards below the surface to uncover hidden sediments, fathom the atmosphere, and gather images in a wide range of colors, from visible to infrared light, to reveal the nature of the surface minerals.

He points out that eclogite has been known to crystallize some 80 kilometers below the surface, not having necessarily needed the deeper subduction implicated in the Wilson Cycle.

«This is a significant breakthrough using a single image to determine the velocity of a wave below the surface,» said Hans Graber, UM Rosenstiel School professor of ocean sciences and director of CSTARS.

Real - time analysis of the procedure is found at the Oil Drum Web site, staffed by volunteer oil experts watching BP's video feed from one of numerous robots working below the surface.

Even the upper portions of the mantle are some 700 to 1,000 km below the surface — a generally solid but conductive part of the planet.

Where might water be lurking just below the surface?

This movement is characteristic of active volcanoes, and is caused by the magma welling up below the surface.

At the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, thousands of meters below the surface, scientists have discovered a remarkable new creature they have dubbed the «squidworm.»

The only hope for life as we know it, and it's an exceedingly slim one, is that water mixed with ammonia may get warm enough deep below the surface to liquefy.