The beneficial effects of breastfeeding for both mother and child are widely known, but previous studies on the association between breastfeeding and RA have been mixed.
Beneficial effects of breastfeeding on the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities at age 3 years seemed greater for women who consumed 2 or more servings of fish per week (0.24; 0.00 - 0.47 points per month breastfed) compared with less than 2 servings of fish per week (− 0.01; − 0.22 to 0.20 points per month breastfed)(P =.16 for interaction).
In analyses stratified by fish intake,
the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on visual motor ability at age 3 years seemed greater for women who consumed 2 or more servings compared with less than 2 servings per week, although the interaction was not statistically significant.
Indeed, a long duration of breastfeeding (> 7 months) has been associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity, 2 while a short duration (≤ 4 months) may not be sufficient to obtain
the beneficial effects of breastfeeding.3 Another confounding factor is early exposure to antibiotics, which is increasing even for minor infections.
All estimates were pooled by using fixed - effect models; differences < 0 and ratios < 1 imply
a beneficial effect of breastfeeding.
Although weakened,
the beneficial effect of breastfeeding remained significant after inclusion of social class and education for the McCarthy GCI and the child PPVT - R at 4 years and the WISC - R Verbal and Full Scale IQs at 11 years (Table 3), confirming the results of Lucas et al. 15 However, the inclusion of two direct measures of parental input, maternal IQ and the HOME score in the next step of the regression, reduced the breastfeeding, social class, and educational influences to nonsignificant levels.
Not exact matches
Supplementing with formula does not cure the illness, and may rob the baby
of the
beneficial effects of exclusive
breastfeeding.
There is, however, no evidence
of adverse
effects from this mild jaundice.12 In fact, jaundice, which is present in almost all human infants to some extent, and which is often prolonged by
breastfeeding, may be
beneficial because
of its powerful anti-oxidant properties.19 20
Light to moderate physical activity is safe and
beneficial for
breastfeeding moms, and it has no
effect on the amount, taste, or composition
of your breast milk.
Breastfeeding support, specifically help with breastfeeding in the hospital, did not appear to have a beneficial effect among mothers regardle
Breastfeeding support, specifically help with
breastfeeding in the hospital, did not appear to have a beneficial effect among mothers regardle
breastfeeding in the hospital, did not appear to have a
beneficial effect among mothers regardless
of parity.
Fourth, higher quality maternal interactions have been shown to improve brain development at 5, 10 and 24 months.34 Fifth, there is growing evidence to suggest that the
beneficial effects of exclusive
breastfeeding may be moderated by the infant's genome, 35,36 and the metabolism
of the fatty acids in maternal breast milk.37 For example, Krol et al. 36 showed that infants exclusively
breastfed for a longer duration (above the 50th percentile) showed a heightened sensitivity and interest in a happy visual stimulus (eyes) than infants exclusively
breastfed for a shorter duration (below the 50th percentile).