Taken together, the cost and
benefit estimates suggest that taxpayers paid $ 51 per student in return for an increase in test scores of 1 percent of a standard deviation.
Not exact matches
Their own figures show that at the last count just little more than 200,000 people are now on the new
benefit and recent
estimates suggest it's unlikely to be fully implemented until 2021, some four years later than first planned.
The report draws on government and trade statistics, academic evidence and economic theory to challenge arguments that the health and social
benefits of reducing alcohol consumption are likely to come at a cost to the economy, finding: · Any reduction in employment and income resulting from lower spending on alcohol would be offset by spending on other goods · Econometric analysis of US states
suggests that a 10 % decrease in alcohol consumption is associated with a 0.4 % increase in per capita income growth · Lower alcohol consumption could also reduce the economic costs of impaired workplace productivity, alcohol - related sickness, unemployment and premature death, which are
estimated to cost the UK # 8 - 11 billion a year The analysis comes at a timely moment, with health groups urging the Chancellor to raise alcohol duty in next month's Budget.
Estimates suggest that 40 percent of eczema flares are treated with topical antibiotics, but findings from a study led by Cardiff University
suggest there is no meaningful
benefit from the use of either oral or topical antibiotics for milder clinically infected eczema in children.
Current best global
estimates suggest that forest mortality is outpacing
benefits from increased tree productivity due to increased atmospheric CO2 (Allen et al. 2010), signifying an overarching contraction of forest range (Dobrowski et al. 2015).
Although unadjusted
estimates suggest that the associated increase in risk of continuing (or the
benefit of cessation) is modest at around 20 %, the adjusted
estimates suggest a more than doubling of the risk of death from continued smoking.
Most importantly in this piece, and in my opinion, Goldhaber discusses the «[s] everal [which turns out to be two] studies that simulate the effects of using value - added
estimates for high - stakes purposes [and]
suggest there may be significant student achievement
benefits» (p. 88).
Thus, today there's a keener appreciation that cap - and - trade regimes such as Europe's ambitious Emissions Trading System have been costly failures, with one study
suggesting the E.T.S. had «limited
benefits and embarrassing consequences» in terms of emissions — at an
estimated cost to consumers of some $ 280 billion.
The EPA's
estimate of $ 23 billion in annually economic
benefit appears to have been based off of flawed methodology, contrasting with the federal government's own data
suggesting an actual $ 1.15 billion annual total.