Given all this, it is perhaps unsurprising that the biggest ever study on teacher evaluation, the Measures of Effective Teaching Project (MET), revealed that even the very
best observation approaches had limited success in identifying the teachers also associated with the highest gains in pupil attainment.
Not exact matches
In contrast to this observational
approach, Schmittner (as
well as a number of other papers, like reference # 4 in this post) take advantage of both models and
observations, and try to use the
observations to constrain which feedback parameters in the model are consistent (e.g., an overly sensitive model with the same forcings as another model will produce too big of a temperature change than
observations allow).
This new
approach did not reject the earlier studies of thermodynamics; rather, it used a
better theory of the basis of thermodynamics to explain these
observations and experiments.
Insights from research There are however some general insights that have emerged from the research: first, the
best professional learning programmes for teachers should involve multiple
approaches for providing feedback (selected from the seven listed in the panel on this page); second, it is critical that teachers are properly trained as observers; and third,
observations and feedback for professional learning should be a parallel and separate process to appraisals for performance management.
[12] This
approach will work less
well when part - time observers are used because they will have fewer
observations.
The underlying
approach of the CEL strategy is to start each teacher
observation with the assumption that the instructor wants to do
well by the students and is trying his or her
best with the tools and strategies they currently have, Dassler said.
A number of states and districts have devised multiple - measures
approaches to teacher evaluation that combine classroom
observations with a basket of evidence about student learning, as
well as evidence about professional contributions.
Would the coding or the viewing
approach result in
better alignment of teacher education students»
observations with those of expert teacher - educators on a text - based posttreatment test of classroom
observation?
using the Ofsted subject specific guidelines [to encourage them to be familiar with it] and our own school learning and teaching priorities to create their own agreed obs criteria for one of our
observations [joint one with LM and LnT leader] We too have done away with grades for our other obs [joint LnT leader and random / chosen colleague] after a pleasant Ofsted in October and want to experiment with different plans /
approaches to decide which tactics will
best develop our learning and teaching over the next couple of years [in the happy knowledge that Ofsted won't bother us!]
No matter how you mix it, it's
better to go with Value - Added, student surveys, or both: As Dropout Nation noted last year, the accuracy of classroom
observations is so low that even in a multiple measures
approach to evaluation in which value - added data and student surveys account for the overwhelming majority of the data culled from the model (72.9 percent, and 17.2 percent of the evaluation in one case), the classroom
observations are of such low quality that they bring down the accuracy of the overall performance review.
Adopting a multidisciplinary
approach to his work through painting, assembling of objects, installation, photography, video, and performance art, his artwork offers a distant conceptual
observation of the political and historical events that have shaped his country as
well as subjectivity in regards to their resulting impact on humanity.
All of his works share a poetic
approach to everyday occurrences and
observation, an engagement with the issues of time and the void, as
well as underlying musicality.
Wouldn't the
best approach be focusing on individual models and trying to find out, why they come up with tropospheric trends that don't seem to match the
observations?
In particular, Annan and Hargreaves (2006) used a Bayesian statistical
approach that combines information from both 20th century
observations and from last glacial maximum data to produce an estimate of climate sensitivity that is much
better constrained than by either set of
observations alone (see our post on this, here).
Here lies some issues too: if a couple of studies being heavily relied upon are being used that have some unknown flaws the Bayes
approach may or may not be able to correct for those, whereas direct empirical
observations can
better correct for such issues, and there are some other frequentist
approaches, though much more tedious, can
better control for such errors.
They also say that «Time series analysis offers a rigorous
approach for extracting underlying cycles in a set of
observations» — interpretation: it's a bit
better then eyeballing a chart — but look: fancy math!
A third
approach, by
BEST, is to treat each change in
observations as the end of one
observation set and the start of a new independent one.
This manual
observation approach worked
well when the number of climate stations was small
It also seems unfair to say that the model - weighting
approach is
better because it doesn't rely on the existence of a linear relationship when you * chose * the variable to compare against
observations on the basis of that variable providing a
good linear fit to your predictand.
But the NASA researchers said their
approach, described in the journal Nature Climate Change, is the first to test the idea using satellite
observations, as
well as direct temperature measurements of the upper ocean.
Because the models are not deterministic, multiple simulations are needed to compare with
observations, and the number of simulations conducted by modeling centers are insufficient to create a pdf with a robust mean; hence bounding box
approaches (assessing whether the range of the ensembles bounds the
observations) are arguably a
better way to establish empirical adequacy.
«Coupled models are becoming increasingly reliable tools for understanding climate and climate change, and the
best models are now capable of simulating present - day climate with accuracy
approaching conventional atmospheric
observations,» said Reichler.
One
approach is to estimate global temperature as a simple function of climate forcing and ENSO through a regression
approach; perhaps the
best - known example is Foster & Rahmstorf (2011), which found that when the impact of natural factors (volcanic eruptions, solar variations, and ENSO) is removed, the trend in global temperature has been remarkably steady since 1979 (when satellite
observations of atmospheric temperature begin).
When we can not obtain conclusive root cause evidence by direct
observation of the characteristics of the excursion, or direct analysis of performance data, the next
best approach is to simulate the excursion by performing input / output (I / O) experimentation on the same or an equivalent system.
Anyways I agree: Probably energy balances
approach leads to
better observations over the next decennia, and
better knowledge of climate.
Current UK government policies recognise the need for universal parenting support to complement targeted and indicated
approaches29 — 33 and the English Department for Education is currently piloting the offer of free vouchers for parenting classes (the CANParent initiative) to all parents in three areas of the country.34 Such recommendations derive from
observations relating to the prevalence of suboptimal parenting, 35 the inefficiency of targeting on the basis of identifiable risk factors36, 37 and the potential for realising change in high risk as
well as whole population groups by reducing the stigma which may be attached to targeted parenting support.36 — 38 Given the range and prevalence of health and social outcomes on which parent — child relationships have an influence, 2, 3, 5 — 16 universal
approaches are appealing.
The article concludes with the
observation that the authoritative parenting style is the perfect balance and the
best approach for both the parents and children.
Despite the fact that the
approach to these topics has been rooted in lengthy and tediously demanding
observations, the papers are demonstrating the power of ethological
observations as
well as longitudinal analysis with which the Grossmanns have spent much of the lifetime throughout their impressive careers.