With GOES - 16 and CYGNSS nearly online, scientists are looking forward to even
better hurricane models thanks to even better data.
Not exact matches
Unlike existing
models, FV3 can also re-create vertical air currents that move between boxes, such as the updrafts that are a key element of
hurricanes as
well as tornadoes and thunderstorms.
FV3 did a far
better job at simulating the intensity of Harvey than the other two leading
models, but it lagged behind the European
model in determining the
hurricane's path, Lin says.
• EXTREME WEATHER New radar and satellite technologies will allow forecasters to build
better computer
models for extreme weather events, such as tornadoes and
hurricanes.
For every
hurricane in the North Atlantic Basin between 1997 and 2013, they pulled information such as mean sea - level pressure and temperature as
well as vertical temperature and humidity profiles, and entered it into a thermodynamic
hurricane model that treats each storm as a gigantic heat engine.
What he found was that not only were the simulations much closer to actual observations, but the high - resolution
models were far
better at reproducing intense storms, such as
hurricanes and cyclones.
This data will help determine damage from the surge and improve
models of flooding in the future, which could help provide a
better picture of where future storm waters will go and who needs to be evacuated ahead of
hurricanes.
During Thursday's press conference, officials also touted the updated
models and tools they have to produce
better forecasts for individual storms, part of a concerted effort that has greatly improved
hurricane forecasts over the past couple of decades.
Also, unlike the bulk of climate
models to date, the increase in odds of extreme storms found in the study stems both from a shift toward more intense
hurricanes as
well as an overall increase in
hurricane frequency.
If we had a
good model, we would have
better predictions on
hurricanes, which have been uniformly lousy for the last ten years.
Chan and Liu (2004) argue that current
models are not yet sufficiently
good for addressing the question regarding global warming and typhoons (A typhoon is technically the same as a
hurricane, the difference being that they form over the western Pacific or the Indean Ocean).
Certainly any increase in air temperature from radiative forcings (apparently reasonably
well modeled in the GCMs) is going to increase the temperature differential from ground to space, which will increase the vertical air velocity (ie increased
hurricane strength) and DECREASE the residence time of energy in the air in the same manner that GHGs increase the residence time.
2) As with some previous potent winter storms and
hurricanes (including Sandy), there's been a consistent focus on the computer
model of the European Center for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF, for short) as the
best at getting details like snowfall amounts right.
Using a recently developed
hurricane synthesizer driven by large - scale meteorological variables derived from global climate
models, 1000 artificial 100 - yr time series of Atlantic
hurricanes that make landfall along the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts are generated for four climate
models and for current climate conditions as
well as for the warmer climate of 100 yr hence under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenario A1b.
Here is why I think it matters: 1) Actively subverting FOIA intent 2) Admitting a) Hockey stick flawed & Steve is right, b) hide decline was dishonest, c) climate
models are pretty bad, and d) cherry picking results like Japan
hurricanes to emphasize a pre-ordained message 3) Trying to manipulate (and probably succeeding) who gets to be IPCC author 4) Trying to manage the message (PR concern) 5) Viewing science results as helping or hurting «the cause» — Mann especially All the above subverts the official messages of «overwhelming consencus» and «science is settled», world's
best scientists just doing their science, and that it would be «absurd» to see a conspiracy.
What he found was that not only were the simulations much closer to actual observations, but the high - resolution
models were far
better at reproducing intense storms, such as
hurricanes and cyclones.
On the question of
hurricanes, the theoretical arguments that more energy and water vapor in the atmosphere should lead to stronger storms are really sound (after all, storm intensity increases going from pole toward equator), but determining precisely how human influences (so including GHGs [greenhouse gases] and aerosols, and land cover change) should be changing
hurricanes in a system where there are natural external (solar and volcanoes) and internal (e.g., ENSO, NAO [El Nino - Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation]-RRB- influences is quite problematic — our climate
models are just not
good enough yet to carry out the types of sensitivity tests that have been done using limited area
hurricane models run for relatively short times.
I think a much
better way to illustrate the range of
model projected outputs would be to copy the method used to display projected
Hurricane paths.
For problems with coherent features, such as
hurricanes, thunderstorms, firelines, squall lines, and rain fronts, there is a need to adjust the numerical
model state by deforming the state in space (its grid) as
well as by correcting the state amplitudes additively.
The
models are in
better agreement when projecting changes in
hurricane precipitation — almost all existing studies project greater rainfall rates in
hurricanes in a warmer climate, with projected increases of about 20 % averaged near the center of
hurricanes.
Scaling the results from both theory as
well as climate
model projections suggest, then, that roughly 3 % of
hurricane rainfall today can be reasonably attributed to manmade global warming.
The
good news is that the
model used by Holland and Bruyère anticipates that we are approaching a limit in this trend of increasing proportionality of intense
hurricanes.
You might as
well say that we can
model unemployment as a function of unicorn farts, and that
hurricanes are just God crying.
In this section, we examine how
well the GFDL
hurricane model has performed throughout its years as an operational forecasting system.
In the case of Katrina, Jacobson's
model revealed that an array of 78,000 wind turbines off the coast of New Orleans would have significantly weakened the
hurricane well before it made landfall.
However, the latest upgrades to the GFDL
hurricane model have led to significant improvements in
hurricane intensity forecasts by
better representing the atmospheric and oceanic physical processes critical for intensity prediction.
GFDL's global
models are used to study the causes of annual variability and recent trends in
hurricane activity, as
well as the predictability of the Atlantic
hurricane season.
And as Emanuel explains, his «hunch» is that the disturbing
hurricane response that his study found is a perverse result of this seemingly «
good news» aspect of the
models» projections.
The average intensity of the storms that do occur increases by a few percent (Figure 6), in general agreement with previous studies using other relatively high resolution
models, as
well as with
hurricane potential intensity theory (Emanuel 1987).
He's seen this
model used in previous research by Emanuel, and «it seems to work fairly
well at replicating overall Atlantic
hurricane activity,» Klotzbach wrote in an email to Earther.
«We would characterize this as a «defining period» for Facebook, Zuckerberg, and the Street's ability to navigate through this
hurricane - like storm with the company's business
model still
well intact.»