Sentences with phrase «between csa»

Such factors may therefore be potential mediators or moderators of the relationship between CSA and parenting stress, though were not tested as such in the studies.

Depression was identified as a possible mediator between CSA and parenting stress in ten studies, indicating the existence of an indirect pathway from CSA through depression to parenting stress.

Seven studies indicated a degree of direct association between experiencing CSA and later parenting stress, two studies found no association and five studies suggest that other variables such as locus of control and current stressors may affect the relationship between CSA and parenting stress.

These findings suggest that feelings of disempowerment and being unable to effect change may be significant mediators of the association between CSA and parenting stress.

However, the absence of a shared definition of CSA and the lack of homogeneity regarding measurement of CSA limits the ability to draw firm conclusions about the association between CSA and later parenting stress.

With regard to the two studies which found a significant association between depression and parental stress, yet not between CSA and depression, Lang et al. (2010) found depression was significantly negatively related to defensive responding and parental distress on the PSI - SF at one year postpartum.

It is also important to determine if any mediating variables are indicated in the relationship between CSA and parenting stress, as mediators explain the underlying mechanisms via which one variable affects another.

Both Pazdera et al. (2013) and Schuetze and Eiden (2005) included other variables in their mediation models which precludes clear conclusions being made regarding whether depression mediates the association between CSA and parenting stress.

Additionally, 10 studies suggest an indirect relationship between CSA and parenting stress through current level of depression.

Results suggest the existence of a relationship between CSA and parenting stress though this association is mostly mediated by other variables, including depression and other stressors.

No significant difference was reported between the CSA group and the comparison group on either the parent or child domain of the PSI which may be due to a lack of power as the sample size was relatively small (N = 45; CSA group n = 23, comparison group n = 22) which increases the possibility of type II error.

However, the studies in this systematic review grouped experience of CSA together as a homogenous group with only six reporting any characteristics of the CSA participants and only one study (Douglas 2000) reporting analyses between CSA characteristics, finding no significant difference between scores on the PSI for intra and extra-familial abuse.

Both Ethier et al. (1995) and Wright et al. (2005) were rated as weak on the quality assessment tool, though both reported associations between CSA and scores on the parenting domain of the PSI.

This systematic review is the first to explore the association between CSA and later parenting stress and several strengths are noted.

In summary, seven studies suggest there is a direct association between CSA and parenting stress.

The other two studies, both rated as weak in quality, found a significant association between depression and parental stress, though the association between CSA and depression was not significant (Harmer et al. 1999; Lang et al. 2010).

However, four of the seven studies which found a direct association between CSA and parenting stress reported this was significant only for the parenting domain of the PSI.

Other moderators of the relationship between CSA and parenting stress, such as severity and type of perpetrator and current life stressors including partner violence, should also be explored, as the results of this review indicate limited investigation of these aspects.

Of the five studies that report associations between CSA and a subscale of the PSI, three were rated as moderate in quality and two were rated as weak.

Two of the seven studies which found an association between CSA and parenting stress found a significant positive association between mothers who reported CSA and higher scores on the PSI - SF (Douglas 2000; Pereira et al. 2012).

Any mediators or moderators between CSA and parenting stress will also be explored.

This suggests that depression may mediate the relationship between CSA and later parenting stress.

The studies in this review also found that other mediators were significant in their analysis of the relationship between CSA and parenting stress, including locus of control, parenting sense of competence and current partner violence.

Two of the 14 studies did not find any association between CSA and parenting stress and the remaining five studies suggest other variables may affect the relationship between CSA and parenting stress, such as locus of control and current stressors.

More research needs to be conducted to explore such moderators of the association between CSA and parenting stress.

Finally, with regard to direct associations between CSA and later parenting stress, Wright et al. (2005) found that the mean scores for mother's reporting CSA on the parent subscales of the PSI were markedly higher on six out of seven subscales compared to the normative sample from Abidin (1995).

Therefore, the aims of this systematic review are to examine the literature to determine the consistency and strength of association between CSA and later parenting stress and to assess the quality of the studies found.

It may be that those studies which found stronger associations between CSA and later parenting stress included participants who experienced CSA at an earlier age than the other studies which did not find significant associations.

Finally, the gap in research pertaining to the effects of CSA on fathers should be addressed to explore if there is an association between CSA and later parenting stress for men.

In summary, there is no strong, consistent evidence of a direct association between CSA and later parenting stress.

Thirdly, the role of further mediators and protective factors in the association between CSA and parenting stress, such as attachment, resilience, locus of control and parenting sense of competence, should be explored further as this may provide additional information regarding the relationship between CSA and parenting stress.

Both these studies used the same primary data set and are of moderate quality, which suggests the results reported may reliably indicate that there is a degree of association between CSA and later parenting stress on the parent domain of the PSI for the participants in this study, which were drawn from a community sample.

This systematic review found significant associations between CSA and later parenting stress, though the results suggest that this effect is mediated by depression.

It is worthy of note that the two studies that reported a significant direct association between CSA and later parenting stress (Douglas 2000; Pereira et al. 2012) used mostly Caucasian populations.

The significant results found in the Pereira et al. (2012) study may in part be due to the large sample size (N = 291) which may have been sufficient to detect subtle associations between CSA and parenting stress in the community sample and protect against type II errors.

Lastly, the Douglas study contained a greater proportion of CSA survivors (54 %) compared to the Alexander et al. study (21 %) which may have enhanced the potential of identifying an association between CSA and parenting stress.

The Federal Court in the P.S. Knight v CSA case cited by Howard and referred to by Gord found that as between the CSA and a private publisher, the CSA held copyright in the Canadian Electrical Code.

Despite similar mechanisms of action between CsA and tacrolimus, tacrolimus has been demonstrated to be 10 to 100 times more potent than CsA in its ability to inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocytes and production of IL - 2, IL - 3 and gamma interferon in vitro.

Not exact matches

The men's soccer team currently sits between Bahrain and Niger in the international rankings, but that's precisely the point, according to the CSA's strategic plan.

Lots of the farmers I buy from have a winter CSA, so between that and my VERY modest raised bed garden, we get wonderful fresh, local food year» round.

Between greens and squash, the winter CSA can take some creativity.

Between interning in D.C. with the Discovery Channel, working at the Lancaster CSA I farmed with last summer, teaching yoga, and some other odd jobs, I've been having one crazy, busy summer.

«Between interning in D.C. with the Discovery Channel, working at the Lancaster CSA I farmed with last summer, teaching yoga, and some other odd jobs»....

Between my garden and my CSA box, I can barely keep up with the veggies that are making their way to my countertop.

Between the garden and our CSA, I am still up to my ears with zucchini.

Our CSA provides a mutually beneficial, season - long relationship between Drumlin Farm and our shareholders.

The CSA's problems must be regarded in the context of its rapidly growing caseload - between 1995 - 96 and 1998 - 99, the live load of cases more than doubled from 460,800 in 1995 - 96 to 923,960 in 1998 - 99 - and diminishing resources.

The internal CSA team managing this activity serves as the interface between scientists, engineers, and other government space agencies to ensure the successful delivery of this important payload.

The following is a meeting report of the Christianson Syndrome Association (CSA) Inaugural Conference that took place between June 27th and June 29th, 2013 at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

This study demonstrates that regional correlations between CT and CSA asymmetries are a characteristic of brain structural organization that could be of significance in the choice of structural markers in studies dealing with the genetic basis of brain lateralization.