With reports about the link
between Zika virus and birth defects, Latin Americans must choose whether they should use birth control methods to prevent pregnancy or follow Catholicism's stance against birth control.
They have launched an education campaign specifically around the Zika virus and was the first organization on Puerto Rico to publicly discuss the connection
between Zika and sexual and reproductive health.
Based on a newly published systematic review of current research, WHO has reaffirmed its position that Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities, including microcephaly, and refined its position on the relationship
between Zika virus infection and Guillain - Barré syndrome, stating that Zika virus infection is a trigger of Guillain - Barré syndrome.
Dr. Thomas Frieden, head of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said Friday that there is little remaining doubt about the connection
between Zika and Guillain - Barré.
Studying the link
between Zika and GBS has been challenging because other viral illnesses, including the one caused by closely - related dengue virus, also cause GBS.
This could make it harder to understand the potential relationship
between Zika, microcephaly and other neurological complications in South America and other regions.
The association
between Zika virus infection and microcephaly, however, has not been precisely quantified.
Therefore, the need for immunological biomarkers suitable to assess longer periods post-infection for discrimination
between Zika and dengue is an important area of current research.
• Detect Zika virus in blood and urine samples within hours and distinguish between its African and American strains • Distinguish
between Zika and dengue • Discriminate different types of bacteria, like E. coli • Detect cancer cell mutations • Detect antibiotic resistance genes • Read human genetic information from saliva sample
«This study provides evidence to suggest a causal link
between Zika virus infection and Guillain - Barre syndrome in French Polynesia.
However, this is precisely the type of question that researchers are now seeking to answer with the additional funding and resource made available following the WHO statement yesterday declaring the potential link
between Zika virus and microcephaly as a public health emergency of internal concern.»
«Because the patient group that was analysed in this study is relatively small, the exact link
between Zika and Guillain - Barre syndrome remains inconclusive.
There is a causal link
between Zika infection and at least two serious diseases: microcephaly and Guillain - Barré Syndrome (GBS).
Researchers said studies are still needed to definitively prove the link
between Zika and microcephaly.
CDC director Tom Frieden said Friday that scientists are confident that there is an association
between the Zika virus and microcephaly.
Strengthening the link
between Zika virus and microcephaly, scientists at UC San Francisco have discovered that a protein the virus uses to infect skin cells and cause a rash is present also in stem cells of the developing human brain and retina.
But Peter Hotez, dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, said its findings offer «potentially important» new information about the link
between Zika and microcephaly.
Video: In March, the World Health Organization said the link
between Zika and fetal abnormalities has not been proven, but «the circumstantial evidence is now overwhelming.»
Then, in late November, the Brazilian government said it believed there was a link
between Zika and microcephaly — and sales went through the roof.
«Many unanswered questions remain about the links
between Zika virus disease, microcephaly and Guillain — Barré syndrome,» noted Etienne.
A protracted battle
between a Zika expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and his superiors over tests for the virus came to light yesterday.
«Likely biological link found
between Zika virus, microcephaly: Discovery with lab - grown stem cells could be used to identify potential therapies.»
Treating the link
between Zika virus and diseases like microcephaly as «guilty unless proven innocent» may help to aid public health responses.
Also unknown is the nature of the link
between Zika infection and neurological diseases.
We've shown for the first time this interaction
between Zika and MSI1 — with MSI1 getting exploited by the virus for its own destructive life cycle, turning MSI1 into the enemy within.
These findings may correlate with disrupted brain development, but direct evidence for a link
between Zika virus and microcephaly is more likely to come from clinical studies, the researchers say.
While this study does not prove the direct link
between Zika and microcephaly, it does pinpoint where the virus may be doing the most damage.
Continuing research to investigate the link
between Zika virus and a range of neurological disorders requires a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms causing severe disease.
As evidence grew for a causal link
between Zika infection and microcephaly and other serious congenital anomalies (1), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Latin American Zika epidemic a public health emergency of international concern in February 2016 (2).
The authors also looked at a temporal association
between Zika infection and an increase in cases of Guillain - Barré syndrome.
Frieden, who is the second - longest serving CDC director in the agency's history, says his years at the helm were marked with successes that include affirming the link
between Zika virus and microcephaly, helping beat back Ebola and supporting programs that promoted a drop in U.S. teen pregnancy numbers.
An association
between Zika infections during pregnancy and the birth of babies with microcephaly (a birth defect in which an infant's brain does not develop properly resulting in a smaller than normal head) was first suggested by Brazilian physicians in August 2015, and in November microcephaly cases potentially associated with Zika started to be recorded; three months later WHO made its announcement.
While the mouse study does not prove a direct connection
between Zika infection and microcephaly, Rossi said, it does underscore the urgent need for effective animal models to further study the course of disease and its transmission.
During the September Congressional fight over how much to provide and whether to offset it, Mulvaney posted a Facebook update in which he questioned the relationship
between Zika and birth defects, and asked whether «we really need government - funded research at all» given this alleged uncertainty.
«We've been seeing growing evidence of the association
between Zika and congenital central nervous system malformations, not just microcephaly, since the first cases were picked up,» says Wim Van Bortel, senior expert on vector - borne diseases at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control in Solna, Sweden.
Last year, however, concerns about the virus skyrocketed following the link
between Zika virus infection with microcephaly in Brazil.
As we report in a collection of stories, much remains unclear, including the relationship
between Zika infection and microcephaly and how best to combat the mosquitoes that spread the disease.
The connection
between Zika and microcephaly first came to light last fall in Brazil, which has now confirmed more than 1,800 cases of microcephaly that it considers to be related to Zika infection in the mothers.
In a new study published Tuesday in the BMJ, Brazilian researchers reported for the first time a link
between Zika and arthrogryposis, a severe joint condition that's present at birth.
Not exact matches
In Miami Beach, the state believes
Zika transmission is confined to a 1.5 - square - mile area located
between 8th and 28th streets in the popular South Beach neighborhood.
While a link
between microcephaly and
Zika infections has not been proven, there's evidence to suggest the virus may be passed from mothers to their babies via the placenta.
Health experts say that anyone planning to become pregnant somewhere
between the next two to six months should either stay clear of
Zika - affected regions or exercise caution.
U.S. and Cuban scientists are planning a new round of research collaborations as part of joint work to accelerate progress on combatting threatening mosquito - borne illnesses such as dengue fever and
Zika virus — the latest development in an ongoing collaboration
between the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Cuban Academy of Sciences.
Scientists have revealed molecular differences
between how the African and Asian strains of
Zika virus infect neural progenitor cells.
The model also incorporates data on how people typically move
between home, work, school, and shopping; on sexual behavior (
Zika can be spread through unprotected sex); and on factors that affect mosquito populations, such as seasonal temperature swings, rainfall, and breeding sites such as caches of old tires.
«It's important to have a single test that can differentiate
between the four serotypes of Dengue and
Zika, because they co-circulate.
They identified nearly 140,000 Tweets
between 1 January and 29 April 2016 that contained the keywords «vaccine» and «
Zika.»
Roughly a year after Brazilian doctors and researchers first suspected a link
between a spate of alarming birth defects and the
Zika virus, a cadre of potential vaccines are now headed for testing in humans.
Brazil authorities have said they consider most of the cases of babies born with abnormally small heads to be related to
Zika, though the link
between the virus and the birth defects has not yet been scientifically established.
There were also slight variations
between how
Zika establishes itself in human liver cells versus neural stem cells, where it is more physiologically relevant.