This guidance document provides a framework for defining adaptation gaps and a preliminary assessment of the gap
between adaptation needs and reality.
Not exact matches
Closer interactions are
needed between the climate change
adaptation research community, business leaders and innovators.
Nevertheless, as we have seen, there is a small but growing number of scientists, both in physics and biology, who operate with a relational model, who see some correspondence
between the constructs of the mind and reality itself, however inexact, and who also see the possibility of restoring the experience of meaning if the non-human natural world is perceived as dynamic, creative, full of life and purpose, whom process thinkers have engaged in conversation; together they have attempted to explore new visions of reality better suited for
adaptation to the urgent
needs of the contemporary world.
«To balance funding
between the backlog and climate
adaptation, bridge managers will
need robust data on collapse risk,» said lead author Madeleine M. Flint, an assistant professor of civil & environmental engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
We
need to understand how these
adaptations between generations occur since these may help us understand the record levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes in our society today.»
This poses the
need for our shorter term glycolytic
adaptations, these
adaptations are going to help us buffer fatigue and recover in
between each set more quickly — therefore allowing us to keep the weight on the bar for longer periods of time before having to drop.
McCall agrees: «There is a big difference
between pain and discomfort; when we exercise we
need to push ourselves to discomfort in order to create an overload and create
adaptation.
Rather than make a distinction
between teaching practices that are available to all learners and separate interventions for children with additional
needs, the project therefore explores the notion that an inclusive curriculum is about its applicability to all from its inception and not about
adaptations and extensions to make a non-inclusive curriculum more applicable to excluded groups.
The preservice teachers mediated the interface
between the students and technology, providing guidance,
adaptations, and feedback as
needed and withdrawing their involvement when it was not necessary or desired.
While not all of the
needed investment will have
adaptation benefits, any
adaptation projects that also reduce emissions are especially attractive, and these seven projects show that, from urban centers to rural states in North America, and from tropical agriculture to tiny island nations, finding synergies
between mitigation and
adaptation isn't just possible, it is already happening.
They suggest that management strategies currently employed in marginal production areas that moderate temperatures and offset mismatches
between the
needs of the plant at various growth stages and seasonal weather conditions may be useful
adaptation strategies.
So, too, has the
adaptation gap — the difference
between funding and capacity
needed and what has been committed.
The UN did not tot up cost estimates but noted individual countries set out
needs of
between US$ 100 million and $ 200 billion for
adaptation alone.
In order to promote a more productive dialogue
between scientists and policymakers, the discussion of
adaptation and mitigation options in the policy arena
needs to be reframed so that it addresses environmental degradation and sustainability in the broad sense, not just the impacts of climate change.
As we shall see, that high - emitting nations have responsibility for funding
adaptation measures in developing countries is a conclusion that can be based on strong ethical grounds despite reasonable disagreements about such matters as when the ethical responsibility was triggered, which kinds of
adaptation measures should be funded now, and the
need to distinguish
between responsibilities that arise due to the «fault» of high - emitting countries and responsibilities which arise without attributing «fault.»
In the area of climate change, the report highlights the findings of its Emissions Gap Report 2013 — which details the gap
between current global emissions and the reduction
needed to remain on track to meet the 2 degree Celsius global warming target — and its Africa
Adaptation Gap Report, which describes the costs of adaptation measures on the African continent under various global warming
Adaptation Gap Report, which describes the costs of
adaptation measures on the African continent under various global warming
adaptation measures on the African continent under various global warming scenarios.
There may be a
need to consider some explicit trade - offs
between adaptation and mitigation, ∫ (A, M).
In addition, Article 9 states that the provision of scaled - up financial resources should aim to achieve a balance
between adaptation and mitigation, taking into account country - driven strategies, and the priorities and
needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and have significant capacity constraints, such as the least developed countries and small island developing States, considering the
need for public and grant - based resources for
adaptation.
Estimates put developing country
needs for mitigation and adaption
between USD 600 billion and USD 1.55 trillion, USD 100 billion to 450 billion going to
adaptation alone.
John Bowlby, the main theorist in the attachment literature, identifies the close attachment relationship
between responsive caregiver and dependent infant as an
adaptation needed for the infant's survival.