Sentences with phrase «between animal models»

That's because they may have finally developed a tissue model for the human heart that can bridge the gap between animal models and human patients.

Animal models are often used to replicate human disease; the relevance and similarity between animal models of joint disease and human osteoarthritis has not been fully evaluated.

Not exact matches

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

10 There is no animal model of SIDS and it has never been observed to occur naturally in any species other than humans.2 While the standardization of a SIDS diagnosis has been and continues to be elusive and / or inconsistent, it is most often applied to situations in which an otherwise healthy infant between the ages of 8 - 16 weeks, especially, but up to 12 months, dies suddenly and unexpectedly presumably during its sleep and upon postmortem examination no apparent internal causal factor (s) explaining the death can be identified.11, 12

Using gene editing to create rodents that are ideal research models could narrow the genetic divide between humans and their animal stand - ins.

Computer models suggested that the hotspots are optimal sites for no - fishing zones because they contain many species, but lower numbers of animals than elsewhere, perhaps because of competition between species.

Recent collaborative work between UCR and Cedars - Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles demonstrated that in animal models of human breast cancer, mice treated with 123B9 that was conjugated with paclitaxel had significantly fewer circulating cancer cells in the blood compared to mice that were not treated or even treated with paclitaxel alone.

«Chronic inflammation of the intestine is thought to be caused by abnormal interactions between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells and the immune system, but so far it has been impossible to determine how each of these factors contribute to the development of intestinal bowel disease,» said Hyun Jung Kim, Ph.D., former Wyss Technology Development Fellow and first author on the study, speaking about the limitations of conventional in vitro and animal models of bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of the intestines.

As noted by Dr. Vicki Ellingrod — the Chair of this session, «Current state - of - the - art research in both animal models as well as humans point to the link between the gut microbiota and mood and anxiety models, as well as the potential for psychiatric medications to directly affect the gut microbiome.»

While scientists could do cellular work in animal models on the role of dopamine versus glutamate, and they could do EEGs in human beings, a bridge between the two remained elusive.

They were able to do so by building on an experiment showing that grafting a peripheral nerve into the space between a severed spinal cord in an animal model brought about nerve regeneration (albeit limited).

Its research includes a cluster of related interdisciplinary projects that examine disparities in breast cancer mortality between African - American and Caucasian women using animal models, molecular characterization of tumors, and behavioral research focused on social - environmental factors.

He cautions there is a huge gap between the simple response of single - celled animals and the cognitive abilities of developed species, but adds there is no doubt that a combined set of simple circuit models will have more complex behaviour.

They demonstrated in an animal model that there is an association between advancing age and increased inflammation processes, especially if the lung is additionally exposed to cigarette smoke.

«This is particularly significant because drugs that work on the serotonin system are the mainstay treatment for OCD in humans, which demonstrates further correlation between the human and animal models,» says Dodman.

While the mouse study does not prove a direct connection between Zika infection and microcephaly, Rossi said, it does underscore the urgent need for effective animal models to further study the course of disease and its transmission.

The size difference between tumor and healthy circulating DNA was initially discovered in animal tumor models created by inducing tumors with human cancer cells.

Wild H5N1 viruses can not latch on tothe cells in a person's nose and throat, but the mutant strains created by Fouchier and Kawaoka can spread between ferrets, which are viewed as a good animal model of flu transmission between humans.

This suggests that the model is correct about how animals behave when looking for nest sites, and that nest sites are important in determining difference between species in their losses.

«Non-linear» animal reactions He and his colleagues based their analysis on nearly 500 million temperature records collected at 3,000 weather stations between 1961 and 2009, feeding that information into models that allowed them to estimate how climate shifts affected the metabolism of cold - blooded insects, lizards and amphibians around the world.

Using a mathematical model that combines a huge number of cattle and badgers that have TB, the researchers were able to quantify the relationship between the two animals and use a big data approach to show that the route of infection for cattle is from other cattle rather than from other species.

It is also the first to demonstrate that a deep convolutional neural network — a computing system modelled after the neuron activity in animal brains that can basically learn on its own — can effectively differentiate between similar plants with an amazing accuracy of nearly 100 %.

In contrast to previous animal models of NMO that generally produced disseminated lesions, the new localized model has a single well - demarcated inflammatory lesion, allowing precise investigation of the correlation between the lesion with the deficit in motor function disrupting the corticospinal tract.

Using an animal model of this syndrome, scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have discovered that mutations in PTEN affect the assembly of connections between two brain areas important for the processing of social cues: the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain associated with complex cognitive processes such as moderating social behavior, and the amygdala, which plays a role in emotional processing.

Genetic modification in zebrafish models is cheap and easy, so authors point out that future research on these animal models will contribute to understand the molecular relationship that exists between the proteins involved in the physiopathology of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy.

We do studies to understand the exact relationship between genotype and phenotype in both animal models and in human subjects including twins.

The idea is the relationship between stress and performance follows a Goldilocks model: Both people and animals function best when the level of stress is not too much, nor too little, but just right.

Our finding of similarity in clinical progression between human patients and Huntington's disease monkeys suggests monkeys could become a preclinical, large animal model for the development of new treatments.»

The team, including researchers from the Natural History Museum in London, quantified the anatomical and genetic differences between living animals, and established a timeframe over which those differences accumulated with the help of the fossil record and intricate mathematical models.

«So we showed, using these animal models, a link between the changing microbiome and changing inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance,» Kahn says.

Taken together, these data are consistent with interallelic complementation of UV sensitivity in cells but underscore the lack of any correlation between UV - related repair characteristics and TTD progeroid phenotypes in animal models.

Research Project Grant (R01) applications proposing to conduct mechanistic studies in humans and animal models on the relationships between alcohol abuse, circadian rhythms and sleep disorders.

Research Interests: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; animal models of IBD; mucosal T - cell death and survival; tolerance to gut microbiota; interactions between immune and non-immune cells; immune - driven angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis; intestinal fibrosis; intestinal myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix; systems biology; complex diseases

Facilitate communication between curators that have an interest in annotating animal models of human disease

Since these findings uncovered a link between p75NTR and metabolism, the research team tested — first in a petri dish and then in animal models — whether there was also a link between p75NTR and the circadian clock.

To build upon the encouraging early discoveries, Helmsley renewed and expanded its Crohn's funding for the Institute in 2013 to begin new work with three major aims: 1) continue studies of individual genes to determine how genetic differences between Crohn's patients and healthy individuals contribute to the disease; 2) evaluate promising small molecules in disease - relevant studies and prioritize insights from genetics to help develop novel therapeutics; and 3) begin basic experimentation in animal models with Crohn's disease to provide the data necessary to begin testing new therapies in humans.

«Using an animal model that's relevant to human disease, Fouchier and Kawaoka have shown that relatively few mutations may be required for an influenza virus to evolve into astrain that can pass effectively between individuals and cause serious illness.

Thanks to the animal models, the researchers showed the epigenetic consequences of Ehmt1 haploinsufficiency and highlight the link between the behavioral phenotypes and the affected regulatory networks in mouse.

Background: Studies conducted in animal models and humans suggest the presence of a dynamic equilibrium of amyloid - β (Aβ) peptide between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma compartments.

Abstract: Background: Studies conducted in animal models and humans suggest the presence of a dynamic equilibrium of amyloid - β (Aβ) peptide between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma compartments.

«The pRNA particles we constructed to harbor siRNA have a half life of between five and 10 hours in animal models, are non-toxic and produce no immune response,» says Guo [abstract].

Exemplifying the useful symbiosis of animal experiments and computer modeling, the paper describes the quest to understand the interplay between genetic patterns and physiological traits that contribute to weight in mice.

This core technology facility, which is shared between the two centres, IFOM and IEO, offers advanced experimental methodologies in nanotechnology (DNA arrays), bioinformatics, robotics, proteomics, structural biology and animal models.

Recent data from animal models suggest that consumption of BCAA's between meals can overcome the refractory response in protein synthesis that occurs when plasma amino acids are elevated, yet protein synthesis is reduced [174].

If we equate de facto ketogenic diets with high - protein diets (which is not always correct) then the risks proposed by critics of this type of dietary approach are essentially those of possible kidney damage due to high levels of nitrogen excretion during protein metabolism, which can cause an increase in glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration.12 There is not wide agreement between studies; however, some infer the possibility of renal damage from animal studies, 99, 100 whereas others, looking at both animal models, meta - analyses and human studies, propose that even high levels of protein in the diet do not damage renal function.101, 102 In subjects with intact renal function, higher dietary protein levels caused some functional and morphological adaptations without negative effects.103 There may actually be renal - related effects, but on blood pressure rather than morphological damage.

On the basis of these consistent and robust data from animal models, a recent report in European dieters found a significant association between the timing of lunch and weight - loss effectiveness, with earlier lunch times linked to greater success (45).

The association between 10 - g increment of total and animal protein intake and type 2 diabetes was confirmed in women (HR 1.10 [95 % CI 1.06 — 1.14] and 1.09 [1.05 — 1.14], respectively) in model 4 (Fig. 1; Supplementary Table 1).

This compassionate training approach facilitates the deepest possible bond between humans and animals, and makes ADW's program a model for best practices in social - relationship interactions.

Our team members are committed to fostering the bond between human and animal; we would love the opportunity to serve your pet and have you experience the Douglas Animal Hospital model ofanimal; we would love the opportunity to serve your pet and have you experience the Douglas Animal Hospital model ofAnimal Hospital model of care.

According to the Society's submission to the working group established after the Whistler massacre, «there is no difference between the needs of a companion dog and those of a working dog: sled dogs are entitled to the same standard of care as are companion animals who live in the city as valued and beloved members of their families... However, as impossible as this is to accomplish for dogs under any business model, it is more so where dozens, if not hundreds, of dogs find themselves under the oversight of a minimal number of caretakers.»