He says that the discovery of Lokiarchaea blurs the lines
between archaea and eukaryotes.
Although scientists generally agree that eukaryotes can trace their ancestry to a merger
between archaea and bacteria, there's been considerable disagreement about what the first eukaryote and its immediate ancestors must have looked like.
The resemblance
between archaea and eukaryote DNA wrapping means that the first organism that used this storage scheme was an ancestor of both modern eukaryotes and archaea, the researchers conclude.
Not exact matches
In the last four years, the U.S. - based Human Microbiome Project used genomic analysis to identify bacteria, viruses, fungi,
archaea, and protozoa in the noses, gums, tonsils, genital tracts, and guts of 242 healthy Americans
between the ages of 18 and 40; more than 11,000 samples were taken in all.
From a single basic idea, the model can explain the fundamental differences
between bacteria and
archaea.
«
Archaea resemble bacterial cells in size and shape but their cell cycle events — such as division and DNA replication — are a hybrid
between eukaryotes and bacteria.»
Gain insight in the evolutionary relation
between the Three Domains of Life, the
Archaea, Bacteria and the Eukarya using various phylogenomic approaches.
It contains orthologs
between 273 species — 246 eukaryotes, 20 bacteria, and 7
archaea.
Only when methane is added as energy source these genes are activated and pili are formed
between bacteria and
archaea.»
The audience voted after the presentations and chose the first prizewinner to be «Complex
archaea that bridge the gap
between prokaryotes and eukaryotes» presented by Anja Spang.
This production of methane is a rather complicated process, requiring a highly reducing environment (Eh − 350 to − 450 mV) and a pH
between 6 and 8, as well as a complex syntrophic consortia of different varieties of
archaea and bacteria, although it is only
archaea that actually emit methane.