Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) showed a relationship
between cerebellar crowding and volume in both the rostral CCF (p = 0.0008) and caudal CCF (p = 0.0003) and Labradors (LD) and small breed dogs (SB) did not.
The relationship
between cerebellar overcrowding and relative cerebellar volume was tested with a Pearson r correlation of Caudal Cerebellar CCF Percentage and Cerebellar Brain Percentage: The CKCS group demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.5204 [p = 0.0003]-RRB-, whilst the SB (r = 0.1277 [p = 0.4449]-RRB- and LD (r = 0.3016 [p = 0.1342]-RRB- group did not.
Little to no overlap was detected
between these cerebellar regions and the sensorimotor cerebellum (lobules V - VI).
Not exact matches
According to research by James Prescott, a developmental neuropsychologist and cross cultural psychologist, «vestibular -
cerebellar stimulation (which happens when we carry our babies) is the most important sensory system for the development of «basic trust» in the affectional bonding
between mother and infant.
Here we identify protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a novel key player in fine - tuning the balance
between axonal outgrowth and presynaptic differentiation in the parallel fiber — forming (PF - forming)
cerebellar granule cells (Cgcs).
The main limitation of this study was the inadequacy of BPND for comparing the DA increases
between controls and marijuana abusers due to the group differences on the effects of MP on
cerebellar DV.
Relation
between cutaneous receptive fields and muscle afferent input to climbing fibres projecting to the
cerebellar C3 zone in the cat.
In order to understand the mechanism underlying plasticity in the cerebellum, an important piece of information is the efficacy of long term potentiation
between mossy fiber inputs and deep
cerebellar nuclei.
Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems - Level View of
Cerebellar Function: the Interplay
Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex..
The second paper identified a link
between a protein used in coenzyme Q synthesis and the development of
cerebellar ataxia, which leads to abnormalities in balance, gait and eye movement.
Although in humans almost all chiari malformation patients has some degree of
cerebellar herniation, in dogs
cerebellar herniation is not that common and this is the main difference
between these 2 species.
A genetic test has recently been developed for
cerebellar ataxia, which causes a progressive decline in muscle coordination, first appearing
between ages 3 and 5 years; now, by identifying dogs with the mutation, breeders can avoid producing it in their bloodlines.
This is a progressive movement disorder that begins with
cerebellar ataxia
between 10 and 14 weeks of age.
Previous volumetric studies in CKCS have shown that there is an association
between SM and CCF parenchyma volume [19], [26], but this is the first time that
Cerebellar volume has been linked to SM.
In contrast to small breed dogs and Labradors, CKCS exhibit correlation
between increased
cerebellar volume and
cerebellar crowding within the caudal CCF, suggesting that CCF growth in CKCS is not keeping pace with the growth of the cerebellum.
While the relationship
between age and brain atrophy in humans is well documented and could potentially bias a comparison
between different age groups, there is no evidence that this is the case in dogs (a recent study has shown that Labradors in the age groups 1 — 5, 5 — 10 and 10 + have similar
cerebellar volumes)[22] or even chimpanzees [25].
Pearson r correlation
between Age vs.
Cerebellar CCF Percentage (r = − 0.2889, p = 0.1084) and Age.
Our findings show that the CKCS has a relatively larger cerebellum than small breed dogs and Labradors and there is an association
between increased
cerebellar volume and SM in CKCS.
Owing to size and conformational differences
between dogs, raw volume was considered to be an inappropriate measurement and
cerebellar volume was therefore evaluated by using nearby structures, against which it was standardised.
Dogs with round cerebellum shape and no evidence of narrowing or obstruction of the CSF channels were defined as unaffected, dogs with indentation of the cerebellum by the supraoccipital bone and a narrowed but not obstructed CSF channel (signal consistent with CSF
between the caudal vermis and the foramen magnum) were defined as mild CM and dogs where the
cerebellar vermis is impacted into or herniated through the foramen magnum were defined as affected.
Unlike humans, we found that CKCS do not appear to have age - related atrophy as there was no correlation
between relative
cerebellar volume and age.
vs.
Cerebellar Brain Percentage (r = 0.2801, p = 0.1158) in SM - negative CKCS revealed no statistically significant relationships between relative cerebellar volum
Cerebellar Brain Percentage (r = 0.2801, p = 0.1158) in SM - negative CKCS revealed no statistically significant relationships
between relative
cerebellar volum
cerebellar volume and age.