Researchers at CIRES» National Snow and Ice Data Center [About NSIDC] investigate the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages
between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen ground.
Not exact matches
If so, the interaction
between hydrofracturing and
ice - cliff collapse could drive global
sea level much higher than projected
in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC)'s 2013 assessment report and
in a 2014 study led by Kopp.
The publicly available report also divides the Arctic Ocean into 12 regions, and calculates the
changes in the dates of spring
sea ice retreat and fall freeze - up from NASA satellite images taken
between 1979 and 2013.
We were particularly interested
in the nature of this relationship because of the hypothesized seasonal movement of krill to inshore waters around the Antarctic Peninsula
in winter, rapid
changes in the climate and
sea ice patterns of the Antarctic peninsula [15], [16] and the known relationships
between baleen whales and krill.
Hilmer, M., and T. Jung, 2000: Evidence for a recent
change in the link
between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic
sea ice export.
The main feedbacks
between climate and the
ice sheet arise from
changes in ice elevation, atmospheric and ocean circulation, and
sea -
ice distribution.
The surprising fact (to me at least) that the difference
in global
sea ice between two single dates 30 years apart can
change so radically
in such a short space of time, implies that it is not a particularly good measure of long term climate
change.
The lag
between decreases
in sea ice extent during late summer and
changes in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation during other seasons (when the recent loss of
sea ice is much smaller) needs to be reconciled with theory.
The lag
between decreases
in sea ice extent during late summer and
changes in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation during other seasons (like autumn and winter, when the recent loss of
sea ice is much smaller) have been demonstrated empirically, but have not been captured by existing dynamical models.
Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work
in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations
in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike
in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence
in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation
in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel
in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role
in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST
changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published
in Nature),
in showing how
changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO,
in examining the role of solar variations
in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little
Ice Age, the relationship
between the climate
changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global
sea level, and even a bit of work
in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).
The interactions (feedbacks)
between THC shifts and
sea ice and glacial calving (as indicated by
ice - rafted debris
in deep
sea core records) would tend to seriously magnify the climate
changes compared to what would be expected from a similar THC shift today.
The reasonable agreement
in recent years
between the observed rate of
sea level rise and the sum of thermal expansion and loss of land
ice suggests an upper limit for the magnitude of
change in land - based water storage, which is relatively poorly known.
On decadal and longer time scales, global mean
sea level
change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate
change, that alter the volume of water
in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water
between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and
ice caps,
ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic
change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).
Research indicates that the Arctic had substantially less
sea ice during this period compared to present Current desert regions of Central Asia were extensively forested due to higher rainfall, and the warm temperate forest belts
in China and Japan were extended northwards West African sediments additionally record the «African Humid Period», an interval
between 16,000 and 6,000 years ago when Africa was much wetter due to a strengthening of the African monsoon While there do not appear to have been significant temperature
changes at most low latitude sites, other climate
changes have been reported.
Determining the mechanisms and feedbacks involved
in climate
change at the end of the last
ice age therefore requires an understanding of the relationship
between the southern margin
ice retreat and connected meltwater events to atmospheric and
sea surface temperatures,
ice - rafting Heinrich events,
sea level rise, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.
The Royal Society report includes references to Clark et al, 2016
in Nature Climate
Change, suggesting the final sea level rise on millennia timescale caused by anthropogenic climate change (partly depending on future emissions) lies in a range between 29 to 55 metres and to DeConto & Pollard, 2016 in Nature, a study suggesting hydro - fracturing and ice cliff collapse around Antarctic ice sheets increases high end projection for sea level rise by 2100 to ± 2 m
Change, suggesting the final
sea level rise on millennia timescale caused by anthropogenic climate
change (partly depending on future emissions) lies in a range between 29 to 55 metres and to DeConto & Pollard, 2016 in Nature, a study suggesting hydro - fracturing and ice cliff collapse around Antarctic ice sheets increases high end projection for sea level rise by 2100 to ± 2 m
change (partly depending on future emissions) lies
in a range
between 29 to 55 metres and to DeConto & Pollard, 2016
in Nature, a study suggesting hydro - fracturing and
ice cliff collapse around Antarctic
ice sheets increases high end projection for
sea level rise by 2100 to ± 2 metres.
The end of the first half of the Holocene —
between about 5 and 4 ka — was punctuated by rapid events at various latitudes, such as an abrupt increase
in NH
sea ice cover (Jennings et al., 2001); a decrease
in Greenland deuterium excess, reflecting a
change in the hydrological cycle (Masson - Delmotte et al., 2005b); abrupt cooling events
in European climate (Seppa and Birks, 2001; Lauritzen, 2003); widespread North American drought for centuries (Booth et al., 2005); and
changes in South American climate (Marchant and Hooghiemstra, 2004).
Recent
changes in the exchange of
sea ice between the Arctic Ocean and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
And science is emerging suggesting a link
between the melting of Arctic
sea ice on one hand and faster warming
in the region and
changes to the northern hemisphere jet stream on the other, explaining why some weather systems appear to get «stuck
in place» — to often - devastating effect.
Dr. Curry implies (as far as I understood it) The «stadium wave» hypothesis is based by interplay
between North Atlantic Ocean temperatures oscillation (AMO) and the
changes in the
sea ice volumes
in the Siberian Arctic Ocean region.
The Fall 2017 issue of Witness the Arctic includes news about the NSF Vision for Research Support and Logistics at Summit Stations; Arctic Social Science research on Alaska Native Elderly health;
Sea Ice Prediction Network activities; the Study of Environmental Arctic
Change program's syntheses and communication efforts; a workshop on relationships
between research and Alaskan Indigenous communities; the newly - released map for the Agreement to Enhance International Arctic Scientific Cooperation; an international workshop on maritime traffic
in the Bering Strait; IARPC and the Polar Research Board activities; the 2017 Joint Science Education Project, international activities at IASC, the Year of Polar Prediction project, and the Greenland Ecological Monitoring Program; recent ARCUS activities; and comments from ARCUS Executive Director, Robert Rich.
The relationship
between the present
ice extent and earlier extents
in the Barents
Sea changed relative to June 2008.
Given the demonstrated covariability
between sea ice and the AMO, it follows that a
change to a negative AMO phase
in the coming decade (s) could — to some degree — temporarily ameliorate the strongly negative recent
sea -
ice trends.»
According to the press release: «This trio of images shows
changes between 1979 and 2007
in the average date of melt onset
in the spring (left), the first autumn freeze (center), and the total average increase
in the length of the Arctic
sea ice melt season.
... The evidence comes from a close correlation
between inferred
changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon - 14 and beryllium - 10 and centennial to millennial time scale
changes in proxies of drift
ice measured
in deep -
sea sediment cores.
Actually Fielding's use of that graph is quite informative of how denialist arguments are framed — the selected bit of a selected graph (and don't mention the fastest warming region on the planet being left out of that data set), or the complete passing over of short term variability vs longer term trends, or the other measures and indicators of climate
change from ocean heat content and
sea levels to
changes in ice sheets and minimum
sea ice levels, or the passing over of issues like lag time
between emissions and effects on temperatures... etc..
What the report says about
sea ice and climate
change: Since the early 1980s, annual average Arctic
sea ice has decreased
in extent
between 3.5 percent and 4.1 percent per decade, become 4.3 to 7.5 feet (1.3 and 2.3 meters) thinner.
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in Many Countries» (8/6/02) «World Turning to Bicycle for Mobility and Exercise» (7/17/02) «New York: Garbage Capital of the World» (4/17/02) «Earth's
Ice Melting Faster Than Projected» (3/12/02) «World's Rangelands Deteriorating Under Mounting Pressure» (2/5/02) «World Wind Generating Capacity Jumps 31 Percent
in 2001» (1/8/02) «This Year May be Second Warmest on Record» (12/18/01) «World Grain Harvest Falling Short by 54 Million Tons: Water Shortages Contributing to Shortfall» (11/21/01) «Rising Sea Level Forcing Evacuation of Island Country» (11/15/01) «Worsening Water Shortages Threaten China's Food Security» (10/4/01) «Wind Power: The Missing Link in the Bush Energy Plan» (5/31/01) «Dust Bowl Threatening China's Future» (5/23/01) «Paving the Planet: Cars and Crops Competing for Land» (2/14/01) «Obesity Epidemic Threatens Health in Exercise - Deprived Societies» (12/19/00) «HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa's Population» (10/31/00) «Fish Farming May Overtake Cattle Ranching As a Food Source» (10/3/00) «OPEC Has World Over a Barrel Again» (9/8/00) «Climate Change Has World Skating on Thin Ice» (8/29/00) «The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition» (7/25/00) «HIV Epidemic Undermining sub-Saharan Africa» (7/18/00) «Population Growth and Hydrological Poverty» (6/21/00) «U.S. Farmers Double Cropping Corn And Wind Energy» (6/7/00) «World Kicking the Cigarette Habit» (5/10/00) «Falling Water Tables in China» (5/2/00) Top of pa
in 2001» (1/8/02) «This Year May be Second Warmest on Record» (12/18/01) «World Grain Harvest Falling Short by 54 Million Tons: Water Shortages Contributing to Shortfall» (11/21/01) «Rising
Sea Level Forcing Evacuation of Island Country» (11/15/01) «Worsening Water Shortages Threaten China's Food Security» (10/4/01) «Wind Power: The Missing Link
in the Bush Energy Plan» (5/31/01) «Dust Bowl Threatening China's Future» (5/23/01) «Paving the Planet: Cars and Crops Competing for Land» (2/14/01) «Obesity Epidemic Threatens Health in Exercise - Deprived Societies» (12/19/00) «HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa's Population» (10/31/00) «Fish Farming May Overtake Cattle Ranching As a Food Source» (10/3/00) «OPEC Has World Over a Barrel Again» (9/8/00) «Climate Change Has World Skating on Thin Ice» (8/29/00) «The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition» (7/25/00) «HIV Epidemic Undermining sub-Saharan Africa» (7/18/00) «Population Growth and Hydrological Poverty» (6/21/00) «U.S. Farmers Double Cropping Corn And Wind Energy» (6/7/00) «World Kicking the Cigarette Habit» (5/10/00) «Falling Water Tables in China» (5/2/00) Top of pa
in the Bush Energy Plan» (5/31/01) «Dust Bowl Threatening China's Future» (5/23/01) «Paving the Planet: Cars and Crops Competing for Land» (2/14/01) «Obesity Epidemic Threatens Health
in Exercise - Deprived Societies» (12/19/00) «HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa's Population» (10/31/00) «Fish Farming May Overtake Cattle Ranching As a Food Source» (10/3/00) «OPEC Has World Over a Barrel Again» (9/8/00) «Climate Change Has World Skating on Thin Ice» (8/29/00) «The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition» (7/25/00) «HIV Epidemic Undermining sub-Saharan Africa» (7/18/00) «Population Growth and Hydrological Poverty» (6/21/00) «U.S. Farmers Double Cropping Corn And Wind Energy» (6/7/00) «World Kicking the Cigarette Habit» (5/10/00) «Falling Water Tables in China» (5/2/00) Top of pa
in Exercise - Deprived Societies» (12/19/00) «HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa's Population» (10/31/00) «Fish Farming May Overtake Cattle Ranching As a Food Source» (10/3/00) «OPEC Has World Over a Barrel Again» (9/8/00) «Climate
Change Has World Skating on Thin
Ice» (8/29/00) «The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition» (7/25/00) «HIV Epidemic Undermining sub-Saharan Africa» (7/18/00) «Population Growth and Hydrological Poverty» (6/21/00) «U.S. Farmers Double Cropping Corn And Wind Energy» (6/7/00) «World Kicking the Cigarette Habit» (5/10/00) «Falling Water Tables
in China» (5/2/00) Top of pa
in China» (5/2/00) Top of page
According to the most highly - cited analyses of polar
ice sheet melt and contribution to
sea level rise, the Antarctic
ice sheet as a whole
changed in mass by -71 gigatonnes (GT) per year
between 1992 and 2011.
In addition, a study commissioned by Canada's Fisheries and Oceans Department examined the relationship between air temperature and sea ice coverage, concluding, «the possible impact of global warming appears to play a minor role in changes to Arctic sea ice.&raqu
In addition, a study commissioned by Canada's Fisheries and Oceans Department examined the relationship
between air temperature and
sea ice coverage, concluding, «the possible impact of global warming appears to play a minor role
in changes to Arctic sea ice.&raqu
in changes to Arctic
sea ice.»
Since there is about a 80ppm
change in atmospheric CO2 that lags «GMST» and that doesn't appears to be due to southern hemisphere variations, the THC and NH
sea ice extent could be the link
between the lag of CO2 to Temperature.
Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences
in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal
changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a
change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the
change in cloud radiative properties associated with a
change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship
between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for
sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of
sea ice thickness.
And
in turn the link
between both and melting
ice on cap and glacier,
sea level and acidity,
changes in ecology of plants and animals, increases
in record and extreme weather events.
Just for one example, if it turns out that,
between melt of
sea ice and Greenland
ice, the North Atlantic Current slows or stops, we would expect to see fairly dramatically colder weather
in Europe for a while, even thought this condition could be directly linked to results produced by GW (though
in the long term, the warming would, presumably eventually overtake the cooling from
change in ocean currents).
Assuming that the largest remaining
ice shelves
in East Antarctica — Filchner - Ronne and Ross — will remain intact,
sea level rise from all other melting
ice and the expansion of seawater as the weather gets warmer over the next century would be somewhere
between 2.6 feet (0.8 meter) and six feet (two meters)-- or nearly twice as much as projected last year by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC).
So it seems quite clear that there is a potential connection,
in a statistical sense,
between human - caused global warming, declining Arctic
sea ice, and the anomalous blocking pattern this winter that has added to other factors we know are tied to human - caused climate
change (warmer temperatures and increased soil evaporation, and decreased winter snowpack and freshwater runoff) to produce the unprecedented drought this year
in California.
Our scientists have published many papers
in high ranking journals on subjects as varied as build - up of an
ice sheet; mass extinctions of life; links
between sea ice in the Arctic and climate
change;
ice sheets that may be hiding vast amounts of methane; and specialised life forms around Arctic methane seeps.
Similarly, reduced
sea -
ice cover was the likely cause of the dramatic
change in the balance
between krill and salps, the main grazers of phytoplankton (Atkinson et al., 2004).