After controlling for the impact of other child characteristics, a strong relationship was found
between child behaviour problems and parent stress.
Furthermore, several prospective studies have found that child behaviour problems predict later parent stress, and this may mediate the relationship
between child behaviour problems and family dysfunction [29, 30, 31, 32, 33].
Relationships
between child behaviour problems and family functioning: A literature review - Van As & Janssens
Not exact matches
As outlined in our new blog, numerous internationally respected studies make clear the importance of secure father -
child attachment — including, for example, work by Dr Paul Ramchandani of Imperial College London which shows that «disengaged and remote father -
child interactions as early as the third month of life» predict
behaviour problems in
children when they are older [1] and US research showing that «verbal exchanges
between fathers and their infants and
between mothers and their infants each, independently and uniquely, predict pre-schoolers» social competence and lower aggression» [2].
claim to have found a link
between «difficult temperament,» «
behaviour problems in early childhood» and bedwetting, but almost none of them considered whether the
children were constipated.
Low family income during the early childhood has been linked to comparatively less secure attachment, 4 higher levels of negative moods and inattention, 5 as well as lower levels of prosocial
behaviour in
children.2 The link
between low family income and young
children's
problem behaviour has been replicated across several datasets with different outcome measures, including parental reports of externalizing and internalizing behaviours,1 - 3, 7 -9,11-12 teacher reports of preschool behavioural
problems, 10 and assessments of
children based on clinical diagnostic interviews.7
In support of this model, multiple studies have shown the association
between infant negative reactivity and later psychosocial outcomes such as
problem behaviour and self - regulation to be moderated by parental
behaviour, so that highly reactive
children fare better than others when they experience optimal parenting but worse than others when they experience negative parenting.41 - 46 Further support is found in studies indicating that interventions targeting parental attitudes and / or
behaviours are particularly effective for
children with a history of negative reactive temperament.47, 49
Evidence dating back to at least the 1930s linking troubled marriages and
child behaviour problems led to the hypothesis that while some of the association
between marital processes and
child functioning is direct and unmediated via parenting, 31 some of it derives from the effect of marriage on parenting.6, 32,33,34
Those who remain sceptical that the demonstrated changes in conduct
problems translate into important gains in health and quality of life will point to the need for research quantifying the relationship
between change in
child behaviour scores and health utility in the index
child as well as parents, siblings and peers.
Building on existing research (Kirschner and Tomasello in 20102) which found that making music significantly improves pro-social
behaviour in young
children) the current study investigated not only the potential effects of music making (singing or playing an instrument) on pro-sociability but also its effects on
problem - solving and whether there was a difference
between boys and girls.
«I have seen how conflict
between the parents correlates to stress for the
children, which can manifest in many ways:
behaviour, socialization
problems, depression and the like,» says Diamond, a senior associate with the firm Bales Beall LLP.
«I have seen how conflict
between the parents correlates to stress for the
children, which can manifest in many ways:
behaviour, socialization
problems, depression and the like,» says Diamond, a senior associate with the firm Bales Beall LLP.
Felitti and colleagues1 first described ACEs and defined it as exposure to psychological, physical or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction including substance abuse (
problem drinking / alcoholic and / or street drugs), mental illness, a mother treated violently and criminal
behaviour in the household.1 Along with the initial ACE study, other studies have characterised ACEs as neglect, parental separation, loss of family members or friends, long - term financial adversity and witness to violence.2 3 From the original cohort of 9508 American adults, more than half of respondents (52 %) experienced at least one adverse childhood event.1 Since the original cohort, ACE exposures have been investigated globally revealing comparable prevalence to the original cohort.4 5 More recently in 2014, a survey of 4000 American
children found that 60.8 % of
children had at least one form of direct experience of violence, crime or abuse.6 The ACE study precipitated interest in the health conditions of adults maltreated as
children as it revealed links to chronic diseases such as obesity, autoimmune diseases, heart, lung and liver diseases, and cancer in adulthood.1 Since then, further evidence has revealed relationships
between ACEs and physical and mental health outcomes, such as increased risk of substance abuse, suicide and premature mortality.4 7
In addition, because past studies have focused primarily on whether poverty affects young
children's
problem behaviour, research is also needed to investigate the links
between low family income and other psychosocial outcomes in
children.
Low family income during the early childhood has been linked to comparatively less secure attachment, 4 higher levels of negative moods and inattention, 5 as well as lower levels of prosocial
behaviour in
children.2 The link
between low family income and young
children's
problem behaviour has been replicated across several datasets with different outcome measures, including parental reports of externalizing and internalizing behaviours,1 - 3, 7 -9,11-12 teacher reports of preschool behavioural
problems, 10 and assessments of
children based on clinical diagnostic interviews.7
Bertino MD, Connell G & Lewis AJ (2012) «The association
between parental personality patterns and internalising and externalising
behaviour problems in
children and adolescents», Clinical psychologist, vol.
Severe conflict — for example, frequent clashes and fighting
between parents — is linked with
behaviour and development
problems in
children.
Enhanced Triple P (Level 5) Parents of
children with concurrent
child behaviour problems and family dysfunction such as parental depression or stress or conflict
between partners.
The association
between family factors and
child behaviour problems using dyadic data.
Primary analysis on the «Birth to Twenty» cohort was performed for the association
between maternal postnatal depression and
child behaviour problems (n = 1035) and growth (n = 891) at age 2 and subgroup analyses (n = 635) were carried out to assess the role of poor
child growth in this association.
Participants were families with
children self - referred or referred from schools or mental health professionals for
child externalizing behaviour and emotional problems to the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Child Behaviour Research Clinic (CBRC) in Sydney, Australia, between 2007 and
child externalizing
behaviour and emotional problems to the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Child Behaviour Research Clinic (CBRC) in Sydney, Australia, between 2007
behaviour and emotional
problems to the University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Child Behaviour Research Clinic (CBRC) in Sydney, Australia, between 2007 and
Child Behaviour Research Clinic (CBRC) in Sydney, Australia, between 2007
Behaviour Research Clinic (CBRC) in Sydney, Australia,
between 2007 and 2015.
Main outcome measures were the association
between maternal postpartum depression (measured at 6 months postnatally using the Pitt depression inventory) and
child behaviour problems (Richman
child behaviour scale) and
child growth at age 2 years.
Objective To assess the association
between maternal postnatal depression and
child behaviour problems and
child growth at age 2 years
The findings in relation to all
children reinforce the evidence that there are strong associations
between child outcomes and maternal health and
behaviours such as smoking, long - term health
problems or disability as well as confidence in parenting abilities.
Furthermore, the causal pathway
between parenting and
child emotional or behavioural
problems, or both, can be described as «bidirectional» (Furlong 2012), with parents and
children impacting and shaping one another's
behaviour (Patterson 2002; Long 2008).
Parent - infant dyads (including foster or adoptive carers), where the infant is aged
between birth and four years 11 months, and where
problems have been identified regarding the parent (e.g. bonding, depression, eating disorders, maltreatment) or the
child (e.g. attachment or
behaviour problems, challenging temperament, preterm birth).
2 MEASURING
CHILD HEALTH AND FAMILY ADVERSITY 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Key findings 2.3 Health measures 2.3.1 General health 2.3.2 Limiting long - term illness 2.3.3 Social, behavioural and emotional problems 2.3.4 Health problems 2.3.5 Accidents and injuries 2.3.6 Dental health 2.4 Health behaviour measures 2.4.1 Physical activity 2.4.2 Screen time 2.4.3 Fruit and vegetable consumption 2.4.4 Snacking on items with high sugar / fat content 2.4.5 Associations between health behaviours and child health 2.5 Family adversity 2.5.1 Associations between family adversity and child health 2.5.2 Associations between family adversity and health behaviours 2.6 Su
CHILD HEALTH AND FAMILY ADVERSITY 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Key findings 2.3 Health measures 2.3.1 General health 2.3.2 Limiting long - term illness 2.3.3 Social, behavioural and emotional
problems 2.3.4 Health
problems 2.3.5 Accidents and injuries 2.3.6 Dental health 2.4 Health
behaviour measures 2.4.1 Physical activity 2.4.2 Screen time 2.4.3 Fruit and vegetable consumption 2.4.4 Snacking on items with high sugar / fat content 2.4.5 Associations
between health
behaviours and
child health 2.5 Family adversity 2.5.1 Associations between family adversity and child health 2.5.2 Associations between family adversity and health behaviours 2.6 Su
child health 2.5 Family adversity 2.5.1 Associations
between family adversity and
child health 2.5.2 Associations between family adversity and health behaviours 2.6 Su
child health 2.5.2 Associations
between family adversity and health
behaviours 2.6 Summary
«The Relationship
Between Father Involvement and
Child Problem Behaviour in Intact Families: A 7 - Year Cross-Lagged Study.»
A third finding, also consistent with previous research, was that controlling for the number and intensity of
child behaviour problems [measured using the Developmental Behavior Checklist; 92] reduced the strength of the association
between impairment type (diagnosis) and family life congruence to non-significance.
An examination of differences
between non-clinic and
behaviour -
problem clinic referred
children and their mothers
While the CBCL is applicable for
children aged
between 1.5 and 5.5 years [3], the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Rutter
Child Behaviour Problem scales are not extended to
children under 2 or 3 years of age [4, 5].
Interest in attending was highest in families where the eldest
child was
between 2 and 3 years and at least one of the
children had a
behaviour problem (81.3 %), and lowest where neither of these conditions applied (47 %)(table 3).
Poor regulatory abilities often place the
child at risk of developing pathologies such as disruptive
behaviour problems or ADHD.9 In relation to
behaviour problems, it is important to distinguish
between reactive aggression (emotionally - driven conduct
problems) and proactive aggression (unprovoked, unemotional aggression that is used for personal gain or to influence and coerce others).
Evidence dating back to at least the 1930s linking troubled marriages and
child behaviour problems led to the hypothesis that while some of the association
between marital processes and
child functioning is direct and unmediated via parenting, 31 some of it derives from the effect of marriage on parenting.6, 32,33,34
Related to this question, recent research suggests that particular polymorphisms, often those linked to risk for pathology, make the individual more susceptible to be influenced by parenting and other experiences.24 - 26 For example,
children carrying the 7 - repeat variation of the DRD4 appear to benefit more from interventions directed to prevent
behaviour problems than those carrying other variations of the gene.24 Nonetheless, further research is needed on how and to what extent EC skills may be influenced by the interplay
between constitution and experience.
claim to have found a link
between «difficult temperament,» «
behaviour problems in early childhood» and bedwetting, but almost none of them considered whether the
children were constipated.
16 Parental knowledge is thought to provide a global cognitive organization for adapting to or anticipating developmental changes in
children.17 Mothers who are knowledgeable respond more sensitively to their
child's initiations, 18 while mothers with inaccurate expectations about their
child's development tend to be more harsh.19, 20,21 Studies have indicated that when mothers have higher knowledge of infant and
child development, they show higher levels of parenting skills, 16,22,23 their
children have higher cognitive skills, 16,24 and there are fewer
child behaviour problems.16 Furthermore, a positive association has been found
between parental self - efficacy and parenting competence when knowledge of
child development is high.
This study also demonstrated that within a sample of
children with antisocial
behaviour problems there is a relationship
between CU traits and peripheral serotonin levels that is independent from antisocial
behaviour severity.
Explored associations
between child adaptive
behaviour, language, intelligence, behavioural, and emotional
problems on parent mental health, stress and family functioning over a period of 2 years.
Assessed the relationship and directionality of dynamics
between parent stress and
child characteristics (adaptive
behaviour,
problem behaviour, ASD severity) over a 10 - month period.
Compared parental stress, social support, and
child behaviour problems between participant groups to assess the impact on relationship quality.
However, like symptom severity, the relationship
between adaptive
behaviour and maternal outcomes may be masked by the inclusion of
child problem behaviours [e.g. 55, 88].
While the relationship
between child problem behaviour and negative family outcomes has a strong evidence base, the majority of studies have focused on maternal report, failing to capture the experiences of other family members.
Explored relationships
between child characteristics (
problem behaviour, adaptive
behaviour, ASD symptom severity) on parent measures (anxiety, depression, stress, positive perceptions).