Alright, I'll give you volcanoes are mostly forcing, we haven't shown a link
between crustal compression and rebound and activity, yet.
Shellnutt (2017), in a succinct review of the Panjal Traps (c. 290 Ma), an important component of the Himalayan magmatic province, discusses the synchronous nature of basalts, that chemically range from continental tholeiite to ocean - floor basalt, and crustally derived silicic volcanic rocks (rhyolites and trachytes: 206Pb / 238U zircon in situ age of 289 ± 3 Ma), that developed in a shallow lithospheric rift with significant mingling
between crustal melts and mafic magmas.
Not exact matches
Wright, Steinn Sigurdsson, professor of astrophysics and Arpita Roy, graduate student in astronomy and astrophysics, and lead author of the study, realized that the absence of maria, which is due to a difference in
crustal thickness
between the side of the moon we see and the hidden side, is a consequence of how the moon originally formed.
By comparing the repeat - pass radar observations, scientists hope to measure any
crustal deformations that may occur
between observations, allowing them to «see» the amount of strain building up on fault lines, and giving them a clearer picture of which faults are active and at what rates they're moving, both before earthquakes and after them.
«This is the best - documented case I'm aware of in which the final suture
between ancient continental crusts has a geometry similar to the present - day India - Eurasia
crustal contact beneath the Himalayas.»
Given that the seismic signature of this material is essentially the same as
crustal igneous rocks, there is no way of telling - other than to drill and sample everything
between the seabed and the top few hundred metres of unadulterated mantle.
The latter is almost linearly related to changes in ice sheet volume; the former, however, is influenced by a range of factors, including atmosphere / ocean dynamics and changes in Earth's gravitational field, rotation, and
crustal and the mantle deformation associated with the redistribution of mass
between land ice and the ocean.
Collecting data from NASA's satellite Gravity and Recovery Climate Experiment, known as GRACE, and GPS measurements of the bedrock on the edges of the ice sheet, the Denmark Technical Institute's National Space Institute in Copenhagen was able to show that
crustal uplift due to ice loss has gone up by 1.5 inches
between October 2005 and August 2009 along the northwest coast, a change that study co-author John Wahr calls «very dramatic».