Sentences with phrase «between exclusive formula»
The choice was between exclusive formula feeding or exclusive breastfeeding.It has been shown that antiretroviral (ARV) drugs given to the mother and the baby can reduce transmission to a very low rate even if the baby is breastfed.
http://www.lcgb.org/ Not exact matches
(It's the same as researchers» insistence, nowadays, on a clear definition of «exclusive breastfeeding»; it's only since the importance of this has been appreciated that the real differences between breastfeeding and formula feeding have begun to emerge.)
Formula supplementation has also been shown to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 months in newborns who lose 5 % between 24 and 48 hours.
What is interesting in these data is that there were clear differences between exclusive breastfeeding and mixed - and formula - feeding mothers, but there was no significant difference between mixed - and formula - feeding on any of the variables we looked at.
Although a few previous studies have found associations between infant feeding and intestinal microbiome composition,9 - 12, 14 to our knowledge, none has examined the relative contribution of combination feeding (breast milk and formula) alongside exclusive formula or breastfeeding to overall microbial community composition.
Although there were no important differences in breastfeeding duration between groups, there was a considerably longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding (which was defined as providing only breast milk for the previous 24 h, but did allow formula less than once per week) among women receiving the research bags (either alone or in combination with the research counseling [P < 0.01, 1 - tailed log rank test]-RRB- versus those not receiving research bags.
61 The distinction between exclusive breastfeeding and partial breastfeeding in the analyses of the association between breastfeeding and the risk for childhood leukemia is essential given that the addition of infant formula, together with breast milk or instead of it, changes the infant's gut microbiota, affecting the immunology of the infant.62, 63 Thus, misclassification might weaken the association between breastfeeding and lower risk for childhood leukemia.
Other limitations of the included studies were that some studies lacked the distinction between exclusive breastfeeding, defined by the World Health Organization as «the infant has received only breast milk from his / her mother or a wet nurse, or expressed breast milk, and no other liquids or solids, with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines,» and partial breastfeeding, defined by the World Health Organization as «a situation where the baby is receiving some breastfeeds but is also being given other food or food - based fluids, such as formula milk or weaning foods.»
Breastfeeding was categorised on a 7 - point scale from 7 = exclusive breastfeeding (which was defined as no other milk or food, but infants may have received water and other liquids) through to exclusive formula, between these extremes of the scale there were various «intensities» of breastfeeding (e.g. > 50 % breast milk).