CO2 clearly lags the warming that took place 135,000 years ago and even more importantly, it also lagged the cooling that ended the Eemian interglacial (warm period
between glacial periods) 117,000 years ago.
Not exact matches
The more intensive variations during
glacial periods are due to the greater difference in temperature
between the ice - covered polar regions and the Tropics, which produced a more dynamic exchange of warm and cold air masses.
In the climatic past and earlier
glacial periods, this level fluctuated
between 180 ppm and 260 ppm.
Understanding the complex interplay
between climate and biotic interactions is thus essential for fully anticipating how ecosystems will respond to the fast rates of current warming, which are unprecedented since the end of the last
glacial period.
The timing of cosmic - ray peaks roughly matches the average
period between major
glacial epochs, he finds.
Another thing that ice core showed, as others have before, is that the great swing in temperature
between glacial and interglacial
periods was invariably accompanied by great swings in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere: When the greenhouse goes up, the ice sheets go down.
«Rather, we have evidence for a very dynamic ice sheet that grew and shrank significantly
between glacial and interglacial
periods.
However, latest scientific studies show that this marine species colonized the Mediterranean
between 20,000 and 200,000 years ago, so the colonization event took place before the last
glacial period.
Patrick Crill, an American biogeochemist at Stockholm University, says ice core data from the past 800,000 years, covering about eight
glacial and interglacial cycles, show atmospheric methane concentrations
between 350 and 800 parts per billion in
glacial and interglacial
periods, respectively.
For the
glacial period, comparisons to the Hulu Cave chronology demonstrated that WD2014 had an accuracy of better than 1 % of the age at three abrupt climate change events
between 27 and 31ka.
Historically, methane concentrations in the world's atmosphere have ranged
between 300 and 400 nmol / mol during
glacial periods commonly known as ice ages, and
between 600 to 700 nmol / mol during the warm interglacial
periods.
In turn, this could indicate that the carbonate ion concentration of the (western) Pacific at depths shallower than the sill to the SCS (ca. 2,400 m) has not changed appreciably
between the last
glacial period and the present interglacial.
Such a
period between glacial maxima is known as an interglacial.
a) a
glacial cycle over 100,000 years with warm interglacial
periods in red and the long
glacial period in
between.
During the last part of the Pleistocene there were actually five major
periods of glaciation with four
periods of warmer non
glacial conditions
between them.
Secondly, it was becoming clear that ice ages followed a regular pattern and that interglacials (such as we are now in) were much shorter that the full
glacial periods in
between.
Is there any evidence that something like this might be involved in the transitions
between glacial and interglacial
periods?
For example, transitions
between glacial and interglacial
periods are among the most rapid warming / cooling events in the paleoclimate record, and occur over several thousand years.
In the natural cycle regarding long term natural climate change caused by Milankovitch cycles, at least for the past million years or so, the sensitivity response to changes is indicated to alter the global temperature by 6º Celsius
between warm
periods and
glacial periods.
PS By «stable» I mean that the global temperature has been alternating
between warm interglacials and cold
glacial periods — but it is stable in not going outside those ranges.
In addition to running climate models, the researchers compared modern warming to similar temperature increases that happened approximately 120,000 years ago in a
period known as the Eemian, when global sea level was 5 to 9 meters (
between 16 and 30 feet) higher than it is today due to the release of
glacial water.
Further, there is firm evidence that migration of CO2 isn't important in the Vostok and Dome C ice cores over the past 800,000 years: each
glacial / interglacial
period shows the same ratio
between temperature and CO2 changes: about 8 ppmv/degr.C.
Our modern climate represents a very short, warm
period between glacial advances.»]
Without this effect the contrast
between glacial and interglacial
periods would have been much smaller.
I've understood that he also predicted the ~ 1000 year time lag
between temperature rise and CO2 at the end of a
glacial period, before it was observed in the ice cores thanks to better dating techniques.
As the Earth has alternated
between glacial and inter-
glacial periods, the steep climatic ups and downs have gone hand in hand with changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
If they're supposed to keep track of climate change for us it seems the climate change represented by the contrast
between glacial and interglacial
periods is a pretty dramatic change and would be of utmost importance in being predictable within a 100 years or so precision.
In fact, the Earth system has alternated
between glacial and interglacial regimes for more than two million years, a
period of time known as the Pleistocene.
The duration and severity of the
glacial periods increased during this
period, with a particularly sharp change occurring
between 900,000 and 600,000 years ago.
Create a temperature profile for high, medium and equatorial latitudes and you can imagine that during
glacial periods there is less variation
between the deep and shallow layers.
Ref — Jimbo (02:23:44): «Public release date: 2 - Mar - 2010 «Were short warm
periods typical for transitions
between interglacial and
glacial epochs?»..
Mathematics suggests that there is absolutely no correlation
between Milankovitch cycles and past
glacial / warming
periods.
[Also, just to give an idea of the change we are talking about, 5 degrees Celsius might not sound like much, but that is the difference in global average temperature
between the coldest
period of an ice age and the hottest
period of a warm
period or «interglacial» in the Earth's
glacial history in the modern epoch.]