Not exact matches
Aglive is a
cloud based software platform that strengthens the connection
between farm and food across
global markets.
And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving
global climate models and their ability to model the interplay
between clouds and aerosol particles.
Said Sloan: «Our paper reviews our work to try and find a connection
between cosmic rays and
cloud formation with changes in
global temperature.
They found a small correlation
between cosmic rays and
global temperatures occurring every 22 years; however, the changing cosmic ray rate lagged behind the change in temperatures by
between one and two years, suggesting that the cause of the temperature rise might not be attributable to cosmic rays and
cloud formation, but could be caused by the direct effects of the sun.
«
Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and
Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total
cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level
cloud cover time series averaged over the
global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and
global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase
between 1952 and 1997.
Aerosol -
cloud interactions in regional and
global climate models: Uncertainties and discrepancies
between models and observations
The video is part of Adobe's new Hovering Art Director
global campaign that spotlights the benefits of the integration
between Creative
Cloud and Adobe Stock.
It looks as if the curve has been readjusted at some stage, but it is then a bit strange that the curve representing the
global lower
cloud cover doesn't seem to have been re-scaled: the difference
between maximum and minimum is about 3 % in both figures (it's annoying that the vertical axis for the
cloud cover are given in different units in Fig. 2 & 3).
On the possibility of a changing
cloud cover «forcing»
global warming in recent times (assuming we can just ignore the CO2 physics and current literature on feedbacks, since I don't see a contradiction
between an internal radiative forcing and positive feedbacks), one would have to explain a few things, like why the diurnal temperature gradient would decrease with a planet being warmed by decreased albedo... why the stratosphere should cool... why winters should warm faster than summers... essentially the same questions that come with the cosmic ray hypothesis.
-- Pete Wetzel, Ph. D., Research Meteorologist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, specializing in parameterizing the interactions
between the land surface and the atmosphere for
Global Climate, Regional Mesoscale, and local
Cloud - resolving numerical weather prediction models.
See Stowasser & Hamilton, Relationship
between Shortwave
Cloud Radiative Forcing and Local Meteorological Variables Compared in Observations and Several
Global Climate Models, Journal of Climate 2006; Lauer et al., The Impact of
Global Warming on Marine Boundary Layer Clouds over the Eastern Pacific — A Regional Model Study, Journal of Climate 2010.
The cyclical relationship
between solar activity, cosmic radiation, low
cloud and
global temperature are not included.
Palle et al. showed that the
global monthly mean
cloud cover decreased by around 4.5 %
between 1985 and 2000.
It's interesting that both you and Rothschild underscore the correlation
between cloud cover and
global warming.
Henrik Svensmark and others have shown a long - term correlation
between solar activity and
global temperature and have hypothesized that this results from changes in galactic cosmic rays leading to changes in
cloud cover.
The impact of these changes in
cloud cover can account for the variations in HadCRUT4
global average temperature anomalies and the divergence
between land and sea temperatures.
Some studies have shown co-variation
between GCR and low - level
cloud cover using
global satellite data over periods of typically 5 — 10 years (Marsh and Svensmark, 2000; Pallé Bagó and Butler, 2000).
Some studies have shown co-variation
between GCR and low - level
cloud cover using
global satellite data over periods of typically 5 — 10 years (Marsh and Svensmark, 2000; http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5004
Brian H. Brown, Short - term changes in
global cloud cover and in cosmic radiation, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar - Terrestrial Physics Volume 70, Issue 7, May 2008, Pages 1122 - 1131 See: Whiterose Online copy «There is an association
between short - term changes in low
cloud cover and galactic cosmic radiation over a period of several days.
Spencer / Braswell and Lindzen / Choi look at the relationship
between changes in ocean heat,
cloud cover (directly affecting the amount of heat lost to space), and
global surface temperature over recent decades.
The uncertain effect of feedback
between climate and
clouds is one of the largest obstacles to producing more confident projections of
global climate.
Our long - term analysis of MISR data finds no statistically significant correlations
between cosmic rays and
global albedo or globally averaged
cloud height, and no evidence for any regional or lagged correlations.
A number of studies have highlighted relationships
between low -
cloud amount changes under
global warming and modeled variations of low
clouds with changes in specific meteorological conditions (such as surface temperature, inversion strength, subsidence)(Qu et.
Just as obviously, the relationship
between CO2 and
global temperatures (and
clouds) is from weak to lame, at best - confirming evidence here.
Consequently, a small direct current is able to flow vertically
between the ionosphere (which is maintained at a potential of ~ 250 kV due to the
global net effect of charging from thunderstorms and electrified
clouds) and the Earth's surface.
When other researchers plugged in a more comprehensive data set, the correlations Svensmark found
between cosmic radiation and the Earth's
global cloud cover broke down.
We disagree with this conclusion, arguing that when
cloud properties are considered as a
global average (Fig. 3) or over areas of frequent
cloud cover (Fig. 4), the strong anti-correlation
between low and middle - to - high level
cloud is both clear, and statistically significant.
«The overall slow decrease of upwelling SW flux from the mid-1980's until the end of the 1990's and subsequent increase from 2000 onwards appear to caused, primarily, by changes in
global cloud cover (although there is a small increase of
cloud optical thickness after 2000) and is confirmed by the ERBS measurements... The overall slight rise (relative heating) of
global total net flux at TOA
between the 1980's and 1990's is confirmed in the tropics by the ERBS measurements and exceeds the estimated climate forcing changes (greenhouse gases and aerosols) for this period.
Using their recently developed methods for removing spurious artefacts from historic satellite
cloud records, Joel Norris et al. have constructed a record of the
global pattern of
cloud changes
between the 1980s and the 2000s.
No statistically significant correlations
between solar activity and
cloud cover over either
global or local scales were detected.
It is this change in
cloud that dominates ENSO modulated
global energy dynamics — everything else merely redistributes energy
between atmosphere and oceans.
Svensmark et al. (2009) found large
global reductions in the aerosol Ångström exponent from AERONET, liquid water path from SSM / I, and
cloud cover from MODIS and ISCCP after large Forbush decreases, but these results were not corroborated by other studies who found no statistically significant links
between GCR and
clouds at the
global scale (Calogovic et al., 2010; Kristjánsson et al., 2008; Laken and Calogovic, 2011).
Subsequently they claim that the rising reflectance of the Earth has not led to a reversal of
global warming because the difference
between low and middle - plus - high ISCCP
clouds has increased in the last four years.
Recent work in modelling the warm climates of the Early Eocene shows that it is possible to obtain a reasonable
global match
between model surface temperature and proxy reconstructions, but only by using extremely high atmospheric CO2 concentrations or more modest CO2 levels complemented by a reduction in
global cloud albedo.
On the other hand, Gavin Schmidt of NASA GISS, one of the topmost scientists involved in the Catastrophic Anthropogenic
Global Warming cause, in a recent paper clearly asserts that: • 75 % of the Greenhouse effect is attributable to water vapour and
clouds • 100 % of the increase in CO2 emissions since 1850 (110 ppmv) is Man - made Following these numbers through and accounting for the effect of other Greenhouse gases results in a Man - made temperature rise
between 1850 and 2010 of 2.21 °C.
«
Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and
Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total
cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level
cloud cover time series averaged over the
global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and
global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase
between 1952 and 1997.
«These correlations suggest possible teleconnections
between the GCR flux,
clouds and
global temperatures.»
Similarly, it can help organizations optimize network usage by revealing
global traffic usage as well as application traffic flowing
between specific Google
cloud regions.
After all, according to a forecast by networking firm Cisco,
global «
cloud» traffic will quadruple
between 2013 and 2017, to 5.3 zettabytes.