Sentences with phrase «between global forces»

With globes for heads, the figures serve as a metaphor for dialogue and the possibility of compromise between global forces.

Not exact matches

«They don't have the money to support us, and the pressure to continue [growing coca] is fierce,» a community leader in the isolated southwest municipality of Tumaco — a global hub for coca — said in late 2016, after a deadly clash between state security forces and farmers protesting efforts to destroy their coca.

The ineluctable connections between Christian violence, its global magnification through the West's colonial reach, and the hard quandaries of religious conviction thereby slowly unleashed were in fact sustaining forces within the evolution of modernity.

According to Peter: «We know now, if we didn't before, that in a global economy there are huge forces widening the gapy between rich and poor.

Amongst global healthcare systems, the NHS is almost uniquely well placed to deliver this transformation in the relationship between patients and clinicians: one of the most trusted organisations in British society, its doctors, nurses and staff recognised by everyone as a force for good in our country — and let me thank everyone who is working so hard to make these changes possible.

So currently we have experienced something between two and three watts per meter square already since the preindustrial times and there's been a bit of global dimming to take into account and the net forcing we are experiencing at the moment, relative to preindustrial is 1.6.

The researchers [3] quantified China's current contribution to global «radiative forcing» (the imbalance, of human origin, of our planet's radiation budget), by differentiating between the contributions of long - life greenhouse gases, the ozone and its precursors, as well as aerosols.

Michael Krepon, co-founder of the Stimson Center, a global peace and security think tank, explains that the code of conduct is modeled on cold war measures such as the Incidents at Sea Agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, which in 1972 established rules for military forces operating in close proximity.

Using a mathematical model of the global economy, the World Bank said in a 2006 report that if 14.2 million workers moved from poor to rich countries between 2001 and 2025, raising the rich countries» labour force by 3 per cent, the world's yearly wages would grow by $ 772 billion by 2025.

The team's research shows that in addition to contributions from natural forcings and global warming, temperature differences between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans play a role in causing drought and increasing wildfire risks.

This new research shows that in addition to a discernible contribution from natural forcings and human - induced global warming, the large - scale difference between Atlantic and Pacific ocean temperatures plays a fundamental role in causing droughts, and enhancing wildfire risks.

One could assume that there was minimal global mean surface temperature change between 1750 and 1850, as some datasets suggest, and compare the 1850 - 2000 temperature change with the full 1750 - 2000 forcing estimate, as in my paper and Otto et al..

In contrast, there is not a strong correlation between imposed forcing and response in the SH, suggesting that modeled responses in the SH are a function of much more than imposed forcing and global mean sensitivity.

Hence the relationship between forcing in various locations and global mean response, which included the full planet so is not dependent upon heat transport, is a more robust feature in the models.

The differences between the «natural forcing» model predictions and measured global temperatures were used to determine AGHG forcing functions for their final climate prediction model.

«The fruitful collaboration between theory and experiment allowed us to identify the microscopic driving forces that govern the global reaction kinetics,» said Alexander Riss, first author of the study.

While news journalists and internet bloggers are busy headlining scary stories invoking the presumed causal link between anthropogenic CO2 emissions and floods and droughts and global warming, robust scientific evidence of naturally - forced climate change has continued to rapidly accumulate.

We note, however, that Mount Pinatubo does not provide a perfect proxy for global warming, because the nature of the external radiative forcing obviously differs between the two.

As long as the temporal pattern of variation in aerosol forcing is approximately correct, the need to achieve a reasonable fit to the temporal variation in global mean temperature and the difference between Northern and Southern Hemisphere temperatures can provide a useful constraint on the net aerosol radiative forcing (as demonstrated, e.g., by Harvey and Kaufmann, 2002; Stott et al., 2006c).

Formed in 2010 to «conduct a comprehensive review of the nexus between privacy policy, copyright, global free flow of information, cybersecurity, and innovation in... Continue reading Internet Policy Task Force Notes Library Copyright Concerns →

Between 2011 and 2017, Mark worked at the Director of Self - Publishing and Author Relations for Kobo where he was the driving force behind the creation of Kobo Writing Life, a free and easy to use author / small - publisher friendly platform designed to publish directly to Kobo's global catalog in 190 countries.

After Gabriel's keynote presentation, a talk between Shanghai Gallery owner Leo Xu and New York - based writer Lee Ambrozy - who's essay GABRIEL LESTER»S «GLOBAL» AS CLASSICAL IDEAL is featured in the book - will focus on the suggestions and observations mentioned in the book Forced Perspectives.

He outsources production to professional painting firms in the Far East, forcing a conceptual tie between unique canvases and global mass - marketed consumer «fast» culture.

The global merger of the real and virtual has forced an increasingly blurred line between the two, and the prevalent, dubious honesty of the contemporary gaze is challenged in Salonen's work.

I don't think there was much prior uncertainty in the literature over the general notion that orbital forcing changes were an initiating factor and that consequent rises in CO2 contributed a major subsequent warming influence, but the timing (regional vs global) and the interaction between the hemispheres has not been well illuminated.

On the possibility of a changing cloud cover «forcing» global warming in recent times (assuming we can just ignore the CO2 physics and current literature on feedbacks, since I don't see a contradiction between an internal radiative forcing and positive feedbacks), one would have to explain a few things, like why the diurnal temperature gradient would decrease with a planet being warmed by decreased albedo... why the stratosphere should cool... why winters should warm faster than summers... essentially the same questions that come with the cosmic ray hypothesis.

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

The global mean aerosol radiative forcing caused by the ship emissions ranges from -12.5 to -23 mW / m ^ 2, depending on whether the mixing between black carbon and sulfate is included in the model.

Given that you comment that the largest differences between the different forcings is between land and ocean or between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, have you looked at the land — ocean temperature difference or the Northern — Southern Hemisphere temperature difference, as they both scale linearly with ECS, in the same way as global mean temperature for ghg forcing, but not for aerosol forcing.

««Of the rise in global atmospheric temperature over the past century, nearly 30 % occurred between 1910 and 1940 when anthropogenic forcings were relatively weak.»

Berntsen at al used statistics to investigate the relationship between global temperatures and changes in radiative forcing.

Surely knowing in 1988 that for the next 20 years the global forcings (and temperatures) were going to be between scenarios B&C rather than closer to scenario A would have been valuable information (more valuable then, in fact, than now).

The instantaneous RF difference between the tropopause and TOA is the instantaneous forcing on the stratosphere RFs1; if the TOA forcing is smaller than the tropopause forcing, then the forcing on the stratosphere is negative, which means that the stratosphere will cool (this doesn't necessarily mean it will cool everywhere, but the equilibrium response to negative stratospheric RF requires a negative PR+CR response — being the stratosphere, at least in the global time average, CR can be approximated as zero).

Despite confining that value to the tropics and giving no value for the mid-latitudes between 23.5 and 45 degrees N and S, this is quite a significant amount of forcing when compared to the direct global longwave forcing difference of -2.0 W m - 2 between PI and LGM due to CO2, considering the disproportionately large amount of TOA insolation over the tropics.

The expected global average direct + indirect forcings for aerosols vary between -1.0 (Japan) and -1.4 W / m2 (Hansen, IPCC) for the past centuries and -0.9 to -1.3 W / m2 for future (2050, 2100) emissions (Canada).

«The overall slight rise (relative heating) of global total net flux at TOA between the 1980's and 1990's is confirmed in the tropics by the ERBS measurements and exceeds the estimated climate forcing changes (greenhouse gases and aerosols) for this period.

Even if adjustments are required (not likely), this would have no real impact on the well quantified relationship between radiative forcing from greenhouse gases and increasing global temperatures.

However, a search for some reconsiliation between the global temperature record and possible BNO (R) forcings by altering its strength and / or timing (be it in the form of square wave or sine wave or any other wave) may show nothing other than the existence of many competing and controversial alternatives.

See Stowasser & Hamilton, Relationship between Shortwave Cloud Radiative Forcing and Local Meteorological Variables Compared in Observations and Several Global Climate Models, Journal of Climate 2006; Lauer et al., The Impact of Global Warming on Marine Boundary Layer Clouds over the Eastern Pacific — A Regional Model Study, Journal of Climate 2010.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

But CO2 is not such a pollutant, and there is no causal link between CO2 and global temperature increase, regardless of how many politicized efforts try to force this causal relationship via faith in the evil of human industry.]

It showed, if I remember correctly, how a pretty good correlation between calculated and actual global average temperatures could be obtained for the last century using the NASA graphs of various forcings, here: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/modelforce/RadF.gif

Global warming from anthropogenic forcing suggests increased convective activity but there is a possible trade - off between localised versus organised convection (IPCC, 2001).

The striking consistency between the time series of observed average global temperature observations and simulated values with both natural and anthropogenic forcing (Figure 9.5) was instrumental in convincing me (and presumably others) of the IPCC's attribution argument.

More than a decade ago I published a peer - reviewed paper that showed the UK's Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) could not model climate and only obtained agreement between past average global temperature and the model's indications of average global temperature by forcing the agreement with an input of assumed anthropogenic aerosol cooling.

Essentially, Huber and Knutti take the estimated global heat content increase since 1850, calculate how much of the increase is due to various estimated radiative forcings, and partition the increase between increasing ocean heat content and outgoing longwave radiation.

It is further noted that GM strength has good relational coherence with the temperature difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and that on centennial time scales the GM strength responds more directly to the effective solar forcing than the concurrent forced response in global - mean surface temperature.

However what I do say is that if other factors alter albedo (or any other component of the global energy budget) then the jets will move in response to that other forcing in order to try to move back towards equilibrium between the temperature of the ocean surface and the temperature at the tropopause.

At the beginning of the summer it was reported that Beny Steinmetz was due to file a lawsuit alleging a conspiracy between mining giant Rio Tinto, George Soros and Global Witness to force him out of Simandou.

Simulations where the magnitude of solar irradiance changes is increased yield a mismatch between model results and CO2 data, providing evidence for modest changes in solar irradiance and global mean temperatures over the past millennium and arguing against a significant amplification of the response of global or hemispheric annual mean temperature to solar forcing.