By comparing the correlations of Grit - S and Big Five
scores between identical twins (who share the same family environment and 100 percent of their genes) and fraternal twins (who share the same family environment but only 50 percent of their genes) estimates of genetic vs. shared environment contributions can be derived.
Segal doesn't try to explain such spookily synchronized outcomes, but her studies suggest that the
harmony between identical twins stems in large part from shared genetic identity.
For example: Why can a surgeon successfully graft skin or other tissue from one part of the body to another but not from one individual to another, except in the case of
grafts between identical twins?
«If the
similarity between identical twins is larger than the similarity between fraternal twins, it is a very good indication that genetic factors may play a role,» Li said.
It may, for example, partly account for the differences in brain structure and
behavior between identical twins, and could even affect thought processes by subtly influencing the changes in nerve cell connections that occur with experience.
The researchers also found a greater similarity in
results between identical twins (which develop from the same embryo) compared with non-identical twins (who develop from two separate embryos).
Similarly, manic depression showed a 70 %
concordance between identical twins, a 15 % concordance between non-identical twins, and again only a 1 % frequency in the normal population (Russo & Cove, 1995).
And those kinds of random changes during development explain, for example, why the pattern of gyruses in the brain are very different
even between identical twins.
By comparing the correlations of Grit - S and Big Five
scores between identical twins (who share the same family environment and 100 percent of their genes) and fraternal twins (who share the same family environment but only 50 percent of their genes) estimates of genetic vs. shared environment contributions can be derived.
However undramatic it may sound, the relationship between an «original» and a clone is rather like
that between identical twins raised apart; they share all the same DNA, but little of the same environment.
Researchers report that human guts harbor viruses as unique as the people they inhabit; the viral lineup differs even
between identical twins.