Sentences with phrase «between land ice»

Science: The argument that ice is expanding on Antarctica omit the fact that there's a difference between land ice and sea ice, climate scientists say.

The latter is almost linearly related to changes in ice sheet volume; the former, however, is influenced by a range of factors, including atmosphere / ocean dynamics and changes in Earth's gravitational field, rotation, and crustal and the mantle deformation associated with the redistribution of mass between land ice and the ocean.

Reviews range from simple comments such as «this is a good piece of science journalism» to detailed scientific explanations such as how «polar ice cap» fails to distinguish between land ice and sea ice.

Not exact matches

Ask any schoolkid how the first people came to the Americas, and you might get some version of the following: They crossed a spit of land connecting Alaska and Siberia and made their way south between melting glaciers at the end of the last ice age.

A longstanding hypothesis claimed that the first migration took place 12,600 years ago through an ice - free corridor between retreating North American glaciers, via the ice - age Bering Land Bridge between Siberia and Alaska.

Between 2002 and 2007, satellite measurements showed that ice from the glacier's grounding line, the spot where it transitions from being on the land to in the sea, thinned at a rate of 1.2 meters to 6 meters per year.

Sea levels have been rising worldwide over the past century by between 10 and 20 centimetres, as a result of melting land - ice and the thermal expansion of the oceans due to a planetary warming of around 0.5 degreeC.

This Ice Age migration over a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska is distinct from the arrival of the Inuit and Eskimo, who were latecomers, spreading throughout the Artic beginning about 5,500 years ago.

Climate models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice — and the sun.

Using satellite measurements from the NASA / German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica.

A: Climate models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the various aspects of the climate system including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice, and the Sun.

They maintain that the first Americans were the Clovis people, who crossed into the New World from Asia when a fall in sea levels at the height of the last Ice Age created a land bridge, known as Beringia, between the two continents.

During glaciation, water was taken from the oceans to form the ice at high latitudes, thus global sea level drops by about 120 meters, exposing the continental shelves and forming land - bridges between land - masses for animals to migrate.

This means that all the energy going into the melting of sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers plus the warming of land and atmosphere is the tiny gap between the blue area and the red line.

Interactions between the ocean and ice sheets are particularly important in determining ice sheet changes, as a warming ocean can melt the ice shelves, the tongues of ice that extend from the ice sheets into the ocean and buttress the large land - based ice sheets [92], [202]--[203].

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the satellites tasked with measuring the mass changes in Greenland and other icy landscapes around the world, has a hard time time seeing the difference between rising land and ice.

One wave of migration, as every American kid learns in middle school, brought humans across the land bridge between Asia and North America, thus laying the groundwork for the birth of Hollywood, Silicon Valley, and Ben & Jerry's ice cream.

THE LAND OF PAINTED CAVES, continuing the story of Ayla, her mate and their little daughter, taking readers on a journey of discovery and adventure as Ayla struggles to find a balance between her duties as a new mother and her training to become one of the Ninth Cave community's spiritual leaders and healers; rendering the terrain, dwelling places, longings, beliefs, creativity, and daily lives of Ice Age Europeans as real to the reader as today's news, to Bantam Dell.

That land is like a poem of blue and green, a beautiful conversation between ice and water, sky and earth.

Even sounds as simple as walking changed between walking on ice or walking on leafy fall grass, and my addiction to needless, unending jumping was even more enchanting when my landings sounded different based on the season.

Thus, the differences between ocean and land, as well as the differences between open ocean and sea - ice, are not captured.

Some evidence of this may be the well - known behavioral (as well as genetic) similarities between the two species — such as grizzlies able to hunt seals on the ice and polar bears able to hunt and capture caribou on land.

First, the more appropriate scientific definition of climate is that it is a system involving the oceans, land, atmosphere and continental ice sheets with interfacial fluxes between these components, as we concluded in the 2005 National Research Council report.

We present our best estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover from 10 Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) campaigns that span a 5 - year period between 2003 and 20ice cover from 10 Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) campaigns that span a 5 - year period between 2003 and 20Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) campaigns that span a 5 - year period between 2003 and 2008.

The AARI data include drifting stations and ice information, although not the majority (my fault to see that as «main»), that means that the difference between only land based and total is in warmer sea surface temperatures.

A: Climate models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the various aspects of the climate system including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice, and the Sun.

The reasonable agreement in recent years between the observed rate of sea level rise and the sum of thermal expansion and loss of land ice suggests an upper limit for the magnitude of change in land - based water storage, which is relatively poorly known.

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

The ice shrinkage has meant that polar bears, which are strong swimmers, have had to cover longer distances between ice and land.

There is concern in the scientific community that the temperature change from now to the end of the century will be roughly the same as the difference between now and the last Ice Age, which occurred 10,000 years ago, resulting in dramatic changes in temperature, weather patterns, water tables, land and biodiversity.

Since the whole world does not appear to freeze during a ice age, the must be massive ice making going at the pole driven by heat lifting oceans of water to the sky from the equator where it is pushed by the expanding air and vapor to the poles areas where it returns to the surface and follows cold land like a culvert between warmer expanding ocean air back down to the equatoral region.

This means that all the energy going into the melting of sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers plus the warming of land and atmosphere is the tiny gap between the blue area and the red line.

«Figures 5 (a)--(d) illustrate for the summer the complicated feedbacks between the sea ice and adjacent land masses that can occur.

Need to take a global perspective, on both sources and destination for the mass exchange of waster into ice and between land and ocean that is likely to occur in the 21st Century.

The physics of warming water already in the oceas, land ice melt, and transfers between ocean and land will play different roles - they are not expected to contribute in the same proportions as the planet warms.

Climate models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice — and the sun.

Roughly equal areas of first year and multi-year ice were encountered, within the central Arctic pack between Franz Josef Land and the North Pole.

A notable feature of the 2013 extent is an ice «tongue» between Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya; further west, the ice extent is relatively far north compared to previous years.

Interactions between the ocean and ice sheets are particularly important in determining ice sheet changes, as a warming ocean can melt the ice shelves, the tongues of ice that extend from the ice sheets into the ocean and buttress the large land - based ice sheets [92], [202]--[203].

The actual surface that is sandwiched between the 334.5 and the 234 Wm - 2 has to move energy to the land and ice regions.

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Between the fast flowing marine terminating outlet glaciers, the ice sheet particularly in the southwest quadrant has numerous glaciers that terminate on land or in small lakes.

Perhaps the best known of these journeys took place between 12,000 and 15,000 years ago, when Ice Age hunter - gatherers migrated across the Bering Land Bridge — an isthmus exposed by retreating ocean levels during the Ice Age — into today's Alaska.

Using satellite measurements from the NASA / German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica.

This has to do with the change in the nature of the contact between atmosphere and the surface (e.g., minima increase sharply where ice and snow cover have retreated exposing either ocean or land, maxima increase more where the land surface has dried).

To understand what's going on with the ice in Antarctica, it's important to know the difference between sea ice and land ice.

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

«Among the biggest challenges in current climate research are also the complexity and dynamics of the climate as well as the enormous amount of data that has to be calculated and processed in order to incorporate the various interactions between the atmosphere, land surface, sea ice and the oceans,» says Professor Thomas Ludwig, CEO of DKRZ.

That's the subsurface boundary between ice that is floating on the sea and ice that is anchored to land.

(c) There is a debate about the attribution (causes) of past warming — which probably varied over time — between natural drivers (e.g., rebound from the Little Ice Age, solar influences) and anthropogenic drivers (eg, CO2, aerosols, land use changes).