Sentences with phrase «between measurement methods»

Not exact matches

We found little evidence that between - study heterogeneity in estimates was explained by age at measurement of blood pressure (p = 0.5), decade of birth (p = 0.2), stipulation of a minimum duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.5), proportion of the target population in the main analysis (p = 0.2), whether breastfeeding was exclusive for at least 2 months (p = 0.2), method of blood pressure measurement (p = 0.4), or whether effect estimates controlled for socioeconomic factors (p = 0.9), maternal factors in pregnancy (p = 0.9), or current weight (p = 0.9).

This calculation method enabled us to more accurately perform theoretical prediction of IMFP compared to the experimental value, which was obtained by applying spectrometry (extended X ‐ ray absorption fine structure spectrometry) to low - speed electrons of Copper and molybdenum at the high - brilliant synchrotron radiation facility, and to explain the relationship between energy measurement and the types of materials.

Although the technique still needs refinements, physicists believe that in the future it will beat the precision of conventional methods — and hopefully solve apparent discrepancies between measurements that have long puzzled physicists.

«It is important to note that the real - time quantitative PCR method that was used for MRD measurement is designed to optimally detect disease between 0.01 % and 1 % and may therefore not give an exact measurement of disease at higher levels,» the researchers wrote.

Gould's claim that Morton had mismeasured crania based on race derived from his comparison of Morton's seed - based and lead shot — based measurements, with different races experiencing different changes in their average cranial capacity between the two methods [1].

And while there is variation between team results due to the differences in technique and measurement methods, one thing they all agree on: long term, temperatures are going up.

Kepler 10b was detected using the transit method from more than eight months of data collected by the spacecraft between May 2009 and early January 2010 and confirmed by radial velocity measurements, and there evidence for another planet (KOI 72.02) in an outer orbit with a period around 45.3 days (Kepler news release; images, animations, and discovery page; and Batalha et al, 2011).

In addition we structured the publications according to the research questions, such as the differences in brain activity associated with acupuncture stimuli between patients and healthy volunteers, to provide a good overview and a strong basis for future study designs, interventions, measurement methods, and possible diagnoses.

Included in the PowerPoint: Macroeconomic Objectives (AS Level) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked about.

Our method generalizes the test - retest framework by allowing for i) growth or decay in knowledge and skills between tests, ii) tests being neither parallel nor vertically scaled, and iii) the degree of measurement error varying across tests.

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

The two agencies use slightly different methods, so they have different readings for the difference between 2014 and the previous warmest year, 2010, with N.O.A.A. putting it at 0.07 degrees Fahrenheit (0.04 degrees Celsius), while NASA got 0.036 degrees (0.02 Celsius)-- which this analysis says is well «within uncertainty of measurement.»

«In regards to sea surface temperature, scientists have shown that across the board, data collected from buoys are cooler than ship - based data,» one of the study's co-authors wrote, adding, «Scientists have developed a method to correct the difference between ship and buoy measurements, and we are using this in our trend analysis.»

This file provides details concerning the measurement methods, the intercomparison between Bern and Grenoble, the time relationship between CO2 and Antarctic temperature anomaly in general as well as during ice age terminations.

5.1 This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.

More exact for the partitioning between oceans and vegetation are found in the oxygen balance, but with large margins of error, as oxygen change measurements (a few ppmv in 200,000 ppmv) are extremely difficult, at the edge of the accuracy of the methods used.

This method uses consistency between direct normal and diffuse horizontal measurements together with a special regression technique for retrieval of daily time series of column mean aerosol particle size, aerosol optical depth, NO2, ozone and water vapor column amounts together with the instrument's calibration constants.

The new method reduces the bias between the TOMS UV estimations and ground - based UV measurements for snow periods.

If we make the exteme assumption that the entire 10 % shift in measurement method occurred in 1940, it is easy to show that the estimated change in «bias» of 0.3 degrees C corresponds to a 3 degree difference between the «bucket» bias and the «intake» bias.

And even if they corrected their methods; which they can't do, because it would take all the money on the planet to buy enough thermometers; it is all for naught, since there is no physical cause and effect connection between a local surface or near surface Temperature measurement, and the energy flows that are occurring at that location at that time; so mean global temperature tells us nothing about whether the earth is gaining or losing total energy.

And while there is variation between team results due to the differences in technique and measurement methods, one thing they all agree on: long term, temperatures are going up.

No comparison was ever made between the Mauna Loa measurements and the chemical assay method.

The only difference between the end result of the annual measurement programs is the difference in timing between the fixed date method and the end of the hydrologic year method.

The new methods result in improved agreement between measurements made by different satellites at the same time.

«new method finds a global - mean land diurnal cycle that peaks later in the afternoon, leading to improved agreement between measurements made by co-orbiting satellites.

The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface.»

Although it has been suggested that shared method variance accounts for the association between questionnaire - based assessment of temperament and problem behavior [37], there is also evidence that measurement confound does not account for the association between these constructs as reported by parents at preschool age [8].