The Rice researchers found not only the positive link between inhibition and diabetes, but the absence of a link
between other cognitive functions and the disease.
Not exact matches
Patients were then given memory and
other cognitive tests to measure brain
function, allowing scientists to establish strong correlations
between exercise, brain health, and cognition.
«Our results clearly demonstrate associations
between early vitamin B12 status and various measures on development and
cognitive functioning, as for example the ability to interpret complex geometrical figures, and the ability to recognize
other children «s emotions,» says Kvestad.
Although increased age was associated with specific influences on speed in cross-sectional comparisons, and in memory change in longitudinal comparisons among older adults, most of the relations
between age and
cognitive functioning in both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were manifested as general influences shared with
other cognitive measures.
However, this research does answer a crucial question left open by
other studies that have found a link
between music and
cognitive function.
An alternative explanation for the association
between poverty, family instability and children's
cognitive functioning is that all of these factors might be associated with each
other due to their association with previous characteristics of the parent (such as mother's age and education).25, 30 According to the selection hypothesis24 parents» own characteristics may affect their ability to maintain a stable income or a stable and committed partnership, and impact on the characteristics of their children, either through the environment in the home, through genetic transmission, or more likely the combination of both.
Adding indicators of living circumstances reduces the association
between poverty and
cognitive functioning, although associations
between persistent and cumulative poverty, as well as early poverty at the age of 9 months remain significant in addition and above the effects of the
other variables included in the model.
For low - income families headed by single mothers, the associations
between maternal employment and children's
cognitive and social development tend to be neutral or positive, but much of this difference is a
function of pre-existing differences
between mothers who are or are not employed.2, 3,4,5 The effects of maternal employment on children's development also depend on the characteristics of employment — its quality, extent and timing — and on the child's age.2, 6,7 On the
other hand, poverty has consistently negative associations with young children's development, but here, too, there is considerable controversy about the causal role of income per se, as opposed to
other correlates of poverty.8, 9,10,11,12,13
ECD programmes can take many forms, including promotion of good health and nutrition, support for safe and stimulating environments, protection from risks such as violence or abandonment, parenting support and early learning experiences, media, preschools and community groups.4 Poverty is the key underlying cause of poor child development; children living in poverty are exposed to many negative influences, including poor physical environments, inadequate nutrition, parental stress and insufficient
cognitive stimulation.5 Undernutrition can influence brain development directly by affecting brain structure and
function, or indirectly via poor physical or motor development, in addition to
other pathways.6 — 8 Exposure to multiple co-occurring risks most likely contributes to greater disparities in developmental trajectories among children with differential exposure.9 — 12 This paper focuses on associations
between specific aspects of children's physical environments — access to improved water and sanitation (W&S)-- and childhood development as measured by performance on a test of receptive language.