This argument leads us to the third methodological alternative in process thought, one that draws the distinction
between philosophy and theology even more sharply by virtue of what it wishes to add to the foregoing.
This conception of the relation
between philosophy and theology seems barely acceptable.
The relation
between philosophy and theology has, however, often been thought to go far beyond the purely instrumental value of a mental discipline.
Even though theology as a whole has not gone to these Hegelian lengths, from the very beginnings of Christian theology there has been a kind of social contract
between philosophy and theology in virtue of their common concern for truth, and a very close association indeed between the Catholic traditions of theology and metaphysics.
That MacIntyre is intent on a division
between philosophy and theology, a division I think unknown to Thomas Aquinas, confirms his claim that he works within the conditions of modernity.
I find MacIntyre's implied distinction between nature and grace a serious problem, but it is understandable, given his commitment to maintain a strong distinction
between philosophy and theology.
In his 2008 address to the university of La Sapienza which he was eventually prevented from giving because of the protests of a small number of the faculty, Pope Benedict proposed the use of an expression from the Council of Chalcedon, in an entirely different context, to describe the relationship
between philosophy and theology: «without confusion, without separation.»
I conceive natural theology as the area of overlap
between philosophy and theology, whereas this book deals chiefly with the area of overlap between history and theology.
Martin, James Alfred, Jr., The New Dialogue
Between Philosophy and Theology.
The relation
between philosophy and theology is a perennial problem for Christian thought, and the debate about methodology never ends.
In the first chapter, he reclaims the word dogma from its popular pejorative meaning, defining it as an accurate statement of what is true, and setting out the relation
between philosophy and theology that frames the rest of the book.
Not exact matches
The growing interaction
between religious communities in the post-Enlightenment world requires all of them to engage in self - critical reflection, which in order to be fully theologically informed must extend beyond
theology proper into the areas of
philosophy and history.
The
theology and philosophy of Edward Holloway stands alone as a contemporary synthesis which on the one hand rejects any dialectical tension at the heart of being
and at the same time upholds the real distinction
between matter
and spirit.
The Galileo affair is well worth studying as it raises many problems concerning the relations
between theology and science,
and the
philosophy of scientific discovery [3].
However, the relation
between theology and philosophy is markedly altered once we fully recognize that the starting point of
philosophy, that is, the fundamental vision with which the thinker begins, is historically conditioned
and that Christian faith has played a major role in the formation of the Western vision.
That is why
philosophy nurtured within the Universitas is called upon... «to link
theology,
philosophy and science
between them in full respect -LSB-...] of their reciprocal autonomy, but also in the awareness of the intrinsic unity that holds them together.»
(There are no clearly established distinctions
between Christian
philosophy, Christian natural
theology,
and natural
theology.
This is the barrier
between theology and philosophy.
Philosophers may reach quite different conclusions, some of which do not introduce these particular tensions into the relation
between philosophy and Christian
theology.3 The modern theological discussion of natural
theology has been seriously clouded by the failure to distinguish the formal question from the substantive one.
It is static
philosophy which influenced both traditional
theology and linguistic analysis that is responsible for the dualism
between reason
and faith, because it considers reason as given fully finished, fully adequate for its role.
It's really kind of pathetic that the average atheist on this post is completely incapable of drawing a distinction
between Science
and philosophy — which includes
theology.
Some turn to the East, particularly to Taoism; some to Native American perspectives
and other primal traditions; some to emerging feminist visions; still others to neglected themes or traditions within the Western heritage, ranging from materials in Pythagorean
philosophy to neglected themes in Plato to Leibniz or Spinoza;
and still others to twentieth - century philosophers such as Heidegger or to philosophical movements such as the Deep Ecology movement.9 As one would expect in an age characterized by a split
between religion
and philosophy, few environmental philosophers turn to sources in the Bible or Christian
theology for help, though some — Robin Attfield, for example — argue that Christian history has been wrongly maligned by environmental philosophers,
and that it can serve as a better resource than some might expect (WTEE 201 - 230).
I refer to new ideas in physics, chemistry, physiology,
philosophy,
theology, all of which are pertinent to the religious significance of Darwinism.3 What many seem not to understand is that the crux of the religious issue is not
between fundamentalism — which I recall no one whose intelligence I greatly admire defending —
and evolution, but
between two kinds of theism
and two kinds of evolutionism.
One must understand the full significance of this presentness if one is to understand the symbolic function
and the dependent
and mediate reality of the I - It relation (Karl Heim has made Buber's distinction
between the presentness of the l - Thou relation
and the pastness of I - It the basis for his whole
philosophy of dimensions
and hence in turn of his
theology.
He could then recognize without the present ambiguity that Christian
theology and Christian
philosophy are distinguished by their focus on the particular
and on the universal, but that no sharp line can be drawn
between them.
This issue — whether the God of the philosopher Whitehead can be the God of religious devotion
and worship — has been a persistent one throughout the history of the relation
between process
philosophy and Christian
theology.
Any discipline, be it
theology or
philosophy, which seeks to understand the meaning of, purpose of, behaviour of,
and relationship
between the different constituent «beings» of this reality of ours should at least try to account for
and incorporate an understanding of that which is observed in such a reality.
This is not to close the door
between the laboratory
and the sacristy, rather the opposite; what we discover from the natural sciences can not be hermetically sealed off from
philosophy and theology as though it were some totally separate area of wisdom.If the primary object of physical science is the physical realm in its inter-dependant relationships, the object of metaphysics is the very same physical realm as it relates to the spiritual.
James describes the emerging confrontation
between philosophical cosmology
and historical
theology and the avenues for resolution offered by process
philosophy for metaphysics, anthropology
and evolution.
The most this period could have done was to buy time for a fuller
and better synthesis to be worked out
between Catholic
theology,
and what is either well proven, or at least intrinsically probable in the
philosophy of modern science,
and the culture built upon it.
Descartes himself acknowledged that his cogito ergo sum is already fundamental in Augustine's
philosophy (letter to Colvius, 14 November, 1640),
and he believed that his
philosophy was the first to demonstrate the philosophical truth of the doctrine of transubstantiation,
and could go so far as to claim that scholastic
philosophy would have been rejected as clashing with faith if his
philosophy had been known first (letter to Mersenne, 31 March, 1641) Indeed, nothing is more revolutionary in modern
philosophy than its dissolution of the scholastic distinction
between natural
theology and revealed
theology.
What is more, he surpasses Hegel from a certain point of view — a point of view which is precisely essential for our present dialogue
between a
theology of hope
and a
philosophy of reason.
[29] Additionally, there is great potential for the metaphysically rich, Aristotelian
philosophy of nature to be an intellectual bridge for exchanges
between the empirical sciences
and theology.
Only a healthy pluralism in
philosophy and rhetorical forms can free
theology to do the work of locating the correspondence
between human word
and divine truth.
Besides all this, the specific relation
between the Father
and the Logos is most important in safeguarding two truths, often obscured in
theology's ongoing dialogue with
philosophy:
Its promise was not fully developed in the sense that it did not generate a genuinely public
theology, a social ethic able to withstand the change, or a
philosophy or religion that allows dialogue
between both Christianity
and other religions
and Christianity
and jurisprudence.
True, the distance which philosophical
theology establishes
between God
and ourselves is still necessary to prevent us from confusing God with our own idols,
and thus it is perhaps more than
philosophy, it is a hidden grace.
Charles Davis has made a useful attempt to mediate
between the unwillingness of political
theologies to accept a role for
philosophy and the human drive to understand what is at work in any cultural phenomenon, among which
theologies must be counted.3 Davis distinguishes
between «original»
and «scientific»
theology.
Part of the appeal of psychology has been its ability to bridge the distance
between human suffering on the one hand
and theology,
philosophy and ethics on the other.
At least in the earlier decades of the twentieth century the split
between theology and philosophy, the problem of hermeneutics
and the problem of language, emerging from christological historical thinking, seemed a fair price to pay for protecting the uniqueness of the theological subject.
There is evidence of increasing dialogue
between social scientists
and workers in literature, the arts,
philosophy,
theology,
and history.
Current theological interest in process
philosophy sets the stage for a new confrontation
between what might be called the cosmological perspective of
philosophy and the historical perspective of
theology.
A great book which is both an introduction to
philosophy,
and an introduction to
theology, showing how
philosophy guided
and informed our
theology,
and why this is not bad, as long as we maintain a balance
between «the one
and the many» or God
and humanity.
From the beginning, it was crystal - clear to Wach that he wanted to teach the history of religions (Allgemeine Religionswissenschaft), which is an autonomous discipline situated
between normative studies, such as
philosophy of religion
and theology,
and descriptive studies, such as sociology, anthropology,
and psychology.
Accordingly, he paid special attention to (1) the special place of Judaism
and Christianity in Western civilization, which the first approach had stressed; (2) the relationship
between the history of religions
and philosophy of religion (or
theology), which the second approach had emphasized;
and (3) the concern North Americans had shown for specific religious traditions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism,
and Islam.
In essence, it requires that we see more clearly the relationship
between the science of
philosophy and the science of
theology and why strength in the former goes a long way in achieving mastery of the latter.
Philosophy and theology might make an important contribution to this fundamentally epistemological question by, for example, helping the empirical sciences to recognize a difference
between... evolution as the origin of a succession in space
and time,
and creation as the ultimate origin of participated being in essential Being.»
How will evangelicals mediate
between their secure North American white base, with
theologies born of Western
philosophy, to Asian
and African matrices?
He held that
philosophy and theology are distinct but saw no necessary conflict
between them.
John Cobb reviews the history of the relationship
between science
and religion focusing on how Western science
and Christian
theology are both influenced by
philosophy.