Negative interactions
between polar bears and humans, such as bears foraging in garbage dumps, have historically been more prevalent in years when ice - floe breakup occurred early and polar bears were relatively thin.
However, the same shift will lead to a new «match»
between polar bears and ground nesting birds.
Ultimately though, we know less than we think we do about what actually drives conflicts
between polar bears and people and since we're rapidly running out of luck in a warming Arctic, this knowledge gap urgently needs to be closed.
Not exact matches
Dismayed by the disconnect
between reality and the cartoonish animals populating his young daughter's pajamas, books and view of the natural world, journalist Mooallem sets off to explore often circuitous human - animal relationships: The once - feared
polar bear has become the cherished mascot of climate change, and whales, once hunted without restraint, now attract near - fanatical rescue efforts.
Across all 19
polar bear populations, the researchers found that the total number of ice - covered days declined at the rate of seven to 19 days per decade
between 1979 and 2014.
Because their data consistently showed that black, brown and
polar bears carry highly distinct Y chromosome lineages, the researchers also estimated the timing of the split
between the male lineages of brown and
polar bears.
When my daughter was young, I tried explaining evolution to her by using
polar bears as an example of a «transitional species»
between land mammals and marine mammals, but that was wrong.
Christian Sonne at Aarhus University, Denmark, and colleagues examined baculum specimens from 279
polar bears born between 1990 and 2000 in Greenland and Canada.
The ESA «can't make connections
between greenhouse gas emissions and the
polar bear's status as an endangered species,» Dale Hall, director of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, said at the press conference.
For comparison, the genetic differences among giraffe species are at least as great as those
between polar and brown
bears.
Given how mobile giraffes are, one would expect a lot of interbreeding, so the researchers were surprised by how different the DNA could be — some genetic differences greater than those
between a grizzly and a
polar bear, which are separate species.
The researchers found that
between 1985 and 1994, 62 % of
polar bear dens were built on sea ice — but that number dropped to 37 %
between 1998 and 2004.
But since the match
between the two hairs and the ancient
polar bear resulted from a fragment just 104 DNA letters long, the result is preliminary, and the team hopes to do further analysis.
Drawing on that data, Willerslev and his colleagues conclude that
polar bears split off from brown
bears between 343,000 and 479,000 years ago.
Stirling's team found that around the town of Churchill on the shores of Hudson Bay — the «
polar bear capital of the world» — the number of
bears reported as attacking humans, homes and hunting camps more than tripled
between 1970...
Researchers observed 137 interactions
between polar and grizzly
bears at the bone pile (like the one pictured above, where a grizzly surveys the carcass as a
polar bear feeds).
«This paper ties it all together and shows a very clear relationship
between the disappearance of sea ice and increasing predation intensity on seabirds,» says Andrew Derocher, a
polar bear specialist and Arctic ecologist at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.
Aided by comparisons with the genomes of brown and black
bears, they found that
polar bears first emerged as a separate species
between 4 and 5 million years ago.
According to them, the genetic differences among giraffe species are as great as those
between polar and brown
bears.
A new study has suggested that the genetic differences among giraffe species are as great as those
between polar and brown
bears.
The case turns out to involve a lucrative
polar bear poaching operation and the intense bond
between a brother and sister from the village of Cape Goodwin, famous in the Arctic for twins,
polar bears, and schizophrenia.
The best time to check out the
polar bears in Svalbard — the island
between Norway and the North Pole — is during the midnight sun from May to September.
Summer in the Hudson Bay is a wonderful time to view the intimacy
between mother and cub
polar bears, and their playful approach to life.
Svalbard, a
polar bear - filled archipelago
between continental Norway and the North Pole, is considered a domestic flight from Norway for the purposes of award flights.
Some evidence of this may be the well - known behavioral (as well as genetic) similarities
between the two species — such as grizzlies able to hunt seals on the ice and
polar bears able to hunt and capture caribou on land.
As far as I know there are no documented interactions
between the two species in western Hudson Bay yet, but given the new information on how
polar bears evolved and may have interacted with grizzlies, it will be especially interesting to see how this all plays out as climate induced changes in distribution and behavior cause the two species to interact more frequently.
The service must articulate a causal connection
between the effects of any action and loss of a
polar bear.
* loss of subsistence hunting opportunities potentially fatal interactions
between humans and
polar bears and brown
bears
Between one - sixth and one - fifth of the world's
polar bears live on the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.
Based on studies of radio - collared
polar bears of the Beaufort Sea population
between 1981 and 2000, 53 dens were located on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada.
Scott Schliebe, a federal biologist and the
polar bear project leader for the Fish and Wildlife Service, said the basic connection
between shrinking ice and greater distress for the
bears was well established.
The ice shrinkage has meant that
polar bears, which are strong swimmers, have had to cover longer distances
between ice and land.
Is there a similar disconnect
between predictions and observations for
polar bear survival?
The predominance of local vegetation in collected scat suggests little movement among habitat types
between feeding sessions, indicating that the
polar bears are keeping energy expenditure down.
One aspect of the recently published study on Chukchi Sea
polar bears (Rode et al. 2014 [now in print] 2013; see here and here) has not been stressed enough: their finding that the differences in overall condition
between bears in the Chukchi and Southern Beaufort Seas came down to disparities in spring feeding opportunities and therefore, the condition of spring sea ice.
Is there a mutiny in the works
between the IUCN Red List and the IUCN
Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) over polar bear population estimates or has there simply been a breach of eth
Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) over
polar bear population estimates or has there simply been a breach of eth
bear population estimates or has there simply been a breach of ethics?
The height of
polar bears at their shoulders when they are on all fours is usually
between 3.5 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters) for males and females, though when they stand on two legs they look even more formidable.
In a polite but misleading article today in a BBC magazine (The
polar bears are coming to town) about the relationship of
polar bears and Inuit in Arviat, Western Hudson Bay, there is no mention of the on - going feud
between Nunavut Inuit and Canadian
polar bear scientists regarding invasive research.
An adult male
polar bear grows usually weighs
between 775 to 1,200 pounds (351 to 544 kilograms) and will reach its full adult size
between the ages of 8 and 14.
One of the most glaring differences
between legitimate science - based blogs and those that deny the science on anthropogenic climate change is how they write about
polar bears and Arctic sea ice.
Across a 10 - day period of observation, we documented
between four and six individual
polar bears successfully capture at least nine flightless lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and engage in at least eight high - speed pursuits of geese.
In Greenland hunters currently kill
between 200 and 250
polar bears per year.
The strongest evidence in support of climate change is the melting of the
polar ice caps, Langcake acknowledges, noting the temperature in Antarctica rose by 2.5 degrees centigrade
between 1945 and 1995 and a Norwegian study supporting the idea of a rapidly accelerating melt at both poles, but claims this theory may not be
borne out over a longer period.
But they then confuse speculation with proven facts by suggesting «the fundamental relationship
between polar -
bear welfare and sea - ice availability is well established.»
Due to observed interactions
between Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and
polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during field work on Edgeøya, Svalbard, we measured response distances for reindeer from a stalking
polar bear and improvised five approaches from a person disguised as a
polar bear for comparison with human encounters.
Similar reindeer response behavior from encounters with a
polar bear and persons disguised as
polar bears indicate a predator - prey relationship
between the two species on Edgeøya.
The score on PC1 shows a separation
between on the one hand the position that Arctic sea ice extent is shrinking and that this poses a threat to
polar bears (most scientific articles and science - based blogs) and on the other side the position that Arctic sea ice is not shrinking or that it's due to natural variability and that
polar bears are not threatened (pseudo-skeptical blogs).
Polarised debate:
polar bear blogs reveal dangerous gap
between climate - change facts and opinions (NIOO press release)(reposted at several other places)
It uses diverging reporting about the faith of the
polar bear as an example to describe the difference in methodology
between science communicators and those trying to spread misinformation, illustrating a split
between «climate denier blogs» and science - accurate websites, when such internet media talk about the same topic.
Although mtDNA capture can not be excluded to have happened
between ABC
bears and
polar bears, these estimates nevertheless affirm with strong support a very recent divergence of
polar bears from brown
bears.