Sentences with phrase «between volcanic forcing»

(My model suggests a lag between volcanic forcing and temperature change of 1 or 2 years).

Not exact matches

One way is extrusion, in which magma erupts through volcanic craters and cracks in the Earth's surface; the other is intrusion, whereby magma forces itself between or through existing formations of rock, without reaching the surface.

you'll see the multi-model mean based on models driven by volcanic forcing is rejected at the 90 % confidence level for every year between 1960 and 1998.

Based on the comparison between reconstructions and simulations, there is high confidence that not only external orbital, solar and volcanic forcing, but also internal variability, contributed substantially to the spatial pattern and timing of surface temperature changes between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age (1450 to 1850).

The difference in response between Zorita et al (2004) and Crowley (2000) is that the forcings were significantly larger in ECHO - G (by a factor of 2 for solar, and with larger volcanic forcing as well).

You write:» For the period from the Maunder minimum to a century later though (which is the period we looked at), there are no obvious discrepencies between the solar + volcanic forced changes and the reconstructions.»

The main difference between projections A and B appears to have been the projected volcanic forcings in ~ 1995 and ~ 2015.

Possible explanations for these results include the neglect of negative forcings in many of the CMIP - 3 simulations of forced climate change), omission of recent temporal changes in solar and volcanic forcing [Wigley, 2010; Kaufmann et al., 2011; Vernier et al., 2011; Solomon et al., 2011], forcing discontinuities at the «splice points» between CMIP - 3 simulations of 20th and 21st century climate change [Arblaster et al., 2011], model response errors, residual observational errors [Mears et al., 2011b], and an unusual manifestation of natural internal variability in the observations (see Figure 7A).

«This is a consequence of variations in heat exchange between the atmosphere and the oceans, and other decade - to - decade changes like variations in solar forcing and the solar dimming effects of pollution and volcanic eruptions,» BoM says.

This paper is in discussion at Climate of the Past and has some interesting things to say about Solar / Volcanic forcing difference between hemispheres and how some lags may be a tad longer than some might have suspected.

There is medium confidence that this difference between models and observations is to a substantial degree caused by unpredictable climate variability, with possible contributions from inadequacies in the solar, volcanic, and aerosol forcings used by the models and, in some models, from too strong a response to increasing greenhouse - gas forcing.

As discussed in some detail in LC15, sensitivity estimation using an energy budget difference method is sensitive to variations between the base and final periods in volcanic forcing, due to its very low apparent efficacy, so periods with matching volcanism should be used.

The big question arises to the relation between solar forcing energy to the Earth's global volcanic activities.

Re ENSO, there is a significant (p = 0.016) negative relationship between AR5 volcanic forcing and the MEI - extended index (extended forward to 2011) when regressing annually over 1871 - 2011, but the R2 is only 0.04 so it doesn't explain much ENSO variability.

The use of a 1850 — 59 baseline also greatly reduces the apparent large difference between iRF and ERF volcanic forcing changes.

However, the concept of efficacy implies that the value of lambda may vary between forcings; it may be higher for volcanic forcing than for most forcings, because it has peculiar effects.

On volcanic forcing: I am unsure how well volcanic aerosols distribute across the stratosphere, and whether there's an imbalance between SH and NH there.

The relative muting of eruptions between this period and the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963/1964 thus implies a positive forcing, although volcanic emissions during this period are not well known (Neely III & Schmidt, 2016).

Volcanic activity can not explain the difference between DePreSys and NoAssim because both include forcing from volcanic aerosol in the sVolcanic activity can not explain the difference between DePreSys and NoAssim because both include forcing from volcanic aerosol in the svolcanic aerosol in the same way.