Sentences with phrase «bias corrections»

However unlike the Jones et al. estimates of uncertainty, the optimum average also includes uncertainties in bias corrections to SST up to 1941 (Folland and Parker, 1995) and the uncertainties (as included in Figure 2.1) in the land data component that are due to urbanisation.

Table 2.2 shows linear trends of the annual optimum averages, and twice their standard errors, for the globe and hemispheres using the restricted maximum likelihood method as in Table 2.1 and allowing for the annual uncertainties due to data gaps, urbanisation over land, and bias corrections to SST.

The phrase «Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, a composite of several OHCA curves using different XBT bias corrections» raises a red flag to me.

After the average field is constructed, it is possible to create a set of estimated bias corrections that suggest what the weather station might have reported had apparent biasing events not occurred.

«Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, a composite of several OHCA curves using different XBT bias corrections still yields a statistically significant linear warming trend for 1993 — 2008 of 0.64 W m - 2 (calculated for the Earth's entire surface area), with a 90 - per - cent confidence interval of 0.53 — 0.75 W m - 2.»

• The ERA - 40 dataset appears to be quite reliable over land and where radiosondes exist, but suffers from substantial problems over the oceans, especially with values too high for 2 years following the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991 and again in 1995 — 1996, associated with problematic bias corrections of new satellites.

We add independent uncertainties due to urbanisation, changing land - based observing practices and SST bias corrections.

Conversely, bias corrections which vary over time can have a big effect on trends.

Instead Kennedy et al have created 100 «realizations» of data using different values for the various bias corrections which sample the uncertainty range for each correction.

Regarding Smith and Reynolds, the first quote in full was «Thus, for part of the nineteenth century our bias corrections will be influenced by the Folland and Parker (1995) corrections.»

Even with these bias corrections, the event falls outside the simulated distribution (as in the Weather@Home ensemble), with a return time of more than a few thousand years.

So, the next step will be to revisit the SST bias corrections and refine them, making use of the new information uncovered concerning national measurement practices and new analysis techniques that allow for more accurate corrections in areas and at times where there are few data.

This warm period was suppressed by Hadley «bias corrections» which removed two thirds of the inconvenient downward trend.

This again points out a glitch in the «bias corrections».

The ICESat bias corrections used by the Zwally team were appropriate for measuring sea ice, but not for measuring high altitude land - base ice sheets like found in Antarctica (the values returned for Lake Vostok alone were so unphysical that they should have made the entire study DOA) 2.

which includes bias corrections for XBT and MDT data, and satellite - based sea ice concentrations from the EUMETSAT Ocean Sea Ice satellite Application Facility (OSI - SAF,

In the context of parametric uncertainty for the bias corrections, the determination of uncertainty is associated with a number of underlying assumptions that are uncertain in themselves.

· Xu, Zhongfeng and Zong - Liang Yang, 2012: An improved dynamical downscaling method with GCM bias corrections and its validation with 30 years of climate simulations.

They all have their short - comings but linking back to other physical data like this can be a good way of spotting sampling issues or dubious «bias corrections».

A comparison of HadSST2 with the NCDC temperature data, and of the unadjusted HadSST3 (i.e. without the new bias corrections) with NCDC using only common coverage ocean cells is shown in right panel of Figure 2.

Because GISTEMP, NCDC and HadCRUT3 are all using current generation SST datasets, and HadCRUT4 is using a next generation SST product with additional bias corrections.

As a result, their «urbanization bias - corrected» global temperature trend estimates was pretty much the same as the estimates of the other groups who didn't apply any urbanization bias corrections (you can see this by looking back at Figure 1, at the start of the essay).

I am not competent to judge the correctness of the HadSST3 bias corrections: That is a discussion which will take place in the peer - reviewed literature over the next few years.

The results over time may vary as a function of a) the input data (which change due to corrections, increasing archived data, changes in homogeneity adjustments, bias corrections etc. made by others — including the National Met Services), b) the method (all of which are documented in the various papers).

They go on to mention the modern buoy problems and the continued need to work out bias corrections for changing engine inlet data as well as minor issues related to the modern insulated buckets.

The Thompson anomaly seems to coincide strongly with the post-war shift back to a mix of US and UK ships, implying that post-war bias corrections are indeed required and significant.

HadSST3 not only greatly expands the amount of raw data processed, it makes some important improvements in how the uncertainties are dealt with and has a more Bayesian probabilistic treatment of the necessary bias corrections.

This shows up in Webber's analysis in the size of the selection - bias correction and how it changes between cohorts.

Regional climate model bias correction improved the estimates on changes to future mean runoff

When it comes to model performance, there is a concept known as «bias correction» that was debated.

I don't understand the context here or why a bias correction would work this way.

For the calculated global warming it doesn't matter if you apply the correction to the ships or to the buoys, and the fact that ship intakes are warmer than the environment is irrelevant because of the bias correction and conversion to anomalies.

The relevant passage from Karl et al seems to be: «In essence, the bias correction involved calculating the average difference between collocated buoy and ship SSTs.

Specifically, Watts did not apply a time of observation bias correction according to Howard Universitychemistry professor Josh Halpern, who blogs under the pseudonym Eli Rabett.

The gridded field is produced from ship and buoy sea surface temperatures in the ICOADS release 2.5 data set (29) using bias correction and Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection methodologies as described in (13).

So this year, I attempted a bias correction.

He also presented an example of the application of bias correction to individual meteorological variables prior to the formulation of the index based on climate simulations, and showed that the values obtained for the index fitted quite nicely the observations.

The assimilation methodology is 24 - hour 4D - Var analysis, with variational bias correction of surface pressure observations.

The first is Bias - Correction Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD)(Wood et al., 2004) following Maurer et al., (2008) with the following modifications: the incorporation of monthly minimum and maximum temperature instead of monthly mean temperature, as suggested by Bürger et al., (2012) and bias correction using detrended quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation following Bürger et al., (2013).

``... since uncertainty is a structural component of climate and hydrological systems, Anagnostopoulos et al. (2010) found that large uncertainties and poor skill were shown by GCM predictions without bias correction... it can not be addressed through increased model complexity....

The bias correction improves the large scale accuracy of the OI.

Initial downscaled daily simulations of temperature and precipitation at 10 - km resolution are produced using bias correction constructed analogs with quantile mapping (BCCAQ).

If the TOBS error introduces enough uncertainty, then a trend may not be statistically significant, even if there is a bias correction.

In essence, the bias correction involved calculating the average difference between collocated buoy and ship SSTs.

Satellite soundings generally need bias correction - although one or two upper stratospheric channels have to be taken as reference channels in order to constrain the problem.

As for the issue of the SST bias correction applied to HadSST2 (which forms the marine component of HadCRUT) Rayner et al (2006) themselves admit that the bias correction is incorrect.

al. 2007 made no recommendations as to how an overall bias correction should be made, but did point out the difficulties of normalizing SST, wind speed, temp, barometric pressure, etc..

Regional climate model bias correction improved the estimates on changes to future mean runoff

But what is being done now is not dishonest (as Steve so often implies), but an honest attempt to create a bias correction.

Most satellite measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) also need bias correction and there are subtle differences between ship and buoy measurements of SST.